Implementation of Faculty-Led Didactics Increased Perceived Engagement and Preparedness in a General Surgery Residency Curriculum.

Objective: Beginning academic year 2021, a curricular redesign was implemented, including a transition from resident-led to faculty-led lectures during didactics. We aimed to survey residents and faculty on their perceptions of engagement and clinical preparedness following this change.

Design: This was a retrospective cohort study investigating the effects of curricular change on resident and faculty perceptions of the program.

Qualitative Insights into Resident Perceptions of Teaching Excellence and Educational Curricula.

Objective: The objective of this study was to understand the resident perspective on what makes an excellent surgical educator and to identify gaps in a single-institution-developed "Residents as Teachers" curriculum (RaTC) following the completion of the RaTC by residents at the institution.

Design: A longitudinal 8-hour RaTC was developed and administered in 1-hour sessions over 2 years. Content included interactive clinical and technical skills teaching, feedback, evaluation and assessment, and interpersonal skills.

Role of route of delivery on Chlamydia abortus vaccine-induced immune responses and genital tract immunity in mice.

We investigated if the efficacy of a Chlamydia abortus (Cab) subunit vaccine is influenced by route of administration. Thus, female CBA/J mice were immunized either by mucosal or systemic routes with Vibrio cholerae ghost (VCG)-based vaccine expressing T and B cell epitopes of Cab polymorphic membrane protein (Pmp) 18D, termed rVCG-Pmp18.3.

Evaluating Renal Disease in Pediatric-Onset Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: Disease Course, Outcomes, and Predictors of Outcome.

Objective: We aimed to study the disease course, outcomes, and predictors of outcome in pediatric-onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) affecting the kidneys.

Methods: Patients eligible for this study had a diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis, or ANCA-positive pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, were 18 years or younger at diagnosis, had renal disease defined by biopsy or dialysis dependence, and had clinical data at diagnosis and at either 12 or 24 months. Ambispective data from A Registry for Children with Vasculitis/Pediatric Vasculitis Initiative Registry was used.

The ubiquitous P(-tol) ligand promotes formation of catalytically-active higher order palladacyclic clusters.

The Herrmann-Beller catalyst, Pd[(C^P)(μ-OAc)], is readily formed by reaction of the cyclic trimer of 'Pd(OAc)' with P(-tol). In the presence of hydroxide, Pd(C^P)(μ-OAc)] converts to [Pd(C^P)(μ -OH)]. Here, we report how this activated Pd precatalyst species, and related species, serve as a conduit for formation of higher order Pd clusters containing multiple cyclopalladated P(-tol) ligands.

Ergonomic differences in mesh placement and mesh fixation between laparoscopic and robotic inguinal hernia repair with mesh.

Purpose: General differences in surgeon ergonomics between laparoscopic and robotic-assisted inguinal hernia repairs (LIHR vs. RIHR) have been previously studied. However, specific differences in the ergonomics of mesh placement (MP) and mesh fixation (MF) are undetermined.

Revealing the Hidden Complexity and Reactivity of Palladacyclic Precatalysts: The P(-tolyl) Ligand Enables a Cocktail of Active Species Utilizing the Pd(II)/Pd(IV) and Pd(0)/Pd(II) Pathways for Efficient Catalysis.

The ligand, P(-tolyl), is ubiquitous in applied synthetic chemistry and catalysis, particularly in Pd-catalyzed processes, which typically include Pd(OAc) (most commonly used as Pd(OAc)) as a precatalyst. The Herrmann-Beller palladacycle [Pd(C^P)(μ-OAc)] (where C^P = monocyclopalladated P(-tolyl)) is easily formed from reaction of Pd(OAc) with P(-tolyl). The mechanisms by which this precatalyst system operates are inherently complex, with studies previously implicating Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) as reservoirs for active Pd species in arylative cross-coupling reactions.

Mentorship of Junior Surgical Faculty Across Academic Programs in Surgery.

Importance: Because mentorship is critical for professional development and career advancement, it is essential to examine the status of mentorship and identify challenges that junior surgical faculty (assistant and associate professors) face obtaining effective mentorship.

Objective: To evaluate the mentorship experience for junior surgical faculty and highlight areas for improvement.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This qualitative study was an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study including an anonymous survey on mentorship followed by semistructured interviews to expand on survey findings.

The importance of understanding (pre)catalyst activation in versatile C-H bond functionalisations catalysed by [Mn(CO)].

Mn-catalysed reactions offer great potential in synthetic organic and organometallic chemistry and the success of Mn carbonyl complexes as (pre)catalysts hinges on their stabilisation by strong field ligands enabling Mn(i)-based, redox neutral, catalytic cycles. The mechanistic processes underpinning the activation of the ubiquitous Mn(0) (pre)catalyst [Mn(CO)] in C-H bond functionalisation reactions is now reported for the first time. By combining time-resolved infra-red (TRIR) spectroscopy on a ps-ms timescale and studies using infra-red spectroscopy, insight into the microscopic bond activation processes which lead to the catalytic activity of [Mn(CO)] has been gained.

In silico design and analysis of a multiepitope vaccine against Chlamydia.

Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection worldwide, potentially leading to severe pathologies including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and tubal infertility if left untreated. Current strategies, including screening and antibiotics, have limited effectiveness due to high rates of asymptomatic cases and logistical challenges. A multiepitope prophylactic vaccine could afford long-term protection against infection.

Relationship of regional ultraviolet index data with rash and systemic disease activity in youth with childhood-onset systemic lupus: results from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry.

Objective: To investigate the association between ultraviolet light index (UVI), as a marker for UV exposure, and seasonality with rash and systemic disease activity in youth with childhood-onset systemic lupus (cSLE) from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry.

Methods: We reviewed data on rash and disease activity from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2 K) scores from cSLE CARRA Registry participants with visits between 2010 and 2019 and obtained zipcode level UVI data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Our main exposures were UVI and season during the month of visit and one month prior to visit.

Survival of endodontically treated teeth in public dental service in Northern Finland: a practise-based register study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the factors associated with the survival of root canal treated teeth in a practise-based study setting in a 5-year period.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study used data from the electronic patient registration system of the public dental services of the City of Oulu, Finland. The inclusion criteria for this study were patients aged ≥ 20 years who had root canal treatment (RCT) that was initiated in 2014.

Gold(III), Mercury(II), and Palladium(II) Complexes of a Series of Isomeric Bis(mono- and dialkoxyphenyl)pyridines: Introduction of Gold through Transmetalation and Catalysis.

A series of isomeric bis-2,6-(monoalkoxyphenyl)pyridine and bis-2,6-(dialkoxyphenyl)pyridine ligands were synthesized and characterized. In order to prepare their chlorogold(III) complexes, intermediate chloromercury(II) complexes were first prepared, but unlike observations from previous studies where they were obtained impure and at best in moderate yield, here pure complexes were synthesized, many in rather high yields. Depending on the substitution pattern of the alkoxy chains on the ligands, mono- and/or dimercurated complexes were obtained, characterized by H, C{H}, and Hg NMR spectroscopy as well as, in several cases, by X-ray crystallography.

Cigarette smoke and nicotine effect on human mesenchymal stromal cell wound healing and osteogenic differentiation capacity.

Introduction: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in promoting tissue regeneration and healing, particularly in bone tissue. Both smoking and nicotine use are known to delay and inhibit the healing process in patients. This study aims at delineating these cellular effects by comparing the impact of nicotine alone to cigarette smoke with equivalent nicotine content, and shedding light on potential differences in the healing process.

Evidence for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings catalyzed by ligated Pd-clusters: from cradle to grave.

Pd clusters offer unique selectivity and exploitable reactivity in catalysis. Understanding the behavior of Pd clusters is thus critical for catalysis, applied synthetic organic chemistry and greener outcomes for precious Pd. The Pd cluster, [Pd(μ-Cl)(μ-PPh)(PPh)][Cl] (denoted as PdCl), which exhibits distinctive reactivity, was synthesized and immobilized on a phosphine-functionalized polystyrene resin (denoted as immob-PdCl).

A Modular Strategy for the Synthesis of Macrocycles and Medium-Sized Rings via Cyclization/Ring Expansion Cascade Reactions.

Macrocycles and medium-sized rings are important in many scientific fields and technologies but are hard to make using current methods, especially on a large scale. Outlined herein is a strategy by which functionalized macrocycles and medium-sized rings can be prepared using cyclization/ring expansion (CRE) cascade reactions, without resorting to high dilution conditions. CRE cascade reactions are designed to operate exclusively via kinetically favorable 5-7-membered ring cyclization steps; this means that the problems typically associated with classical end-to-end macrocyclization reactions are avoided.

Metal-Mediated Catalytic Polarization Transfer from Hydrogen to 3,5-Dihalogenated Pyridines.

The neutral catalysts [IrCl(H)(NHC)(substrate)] or [IrCl(H)(NHC)(substrate)(sulfoxide)] are used to transfer polarization from hydrogen (H) to 3,5-dichloropyridine and 3,5-dibromopyridine substrates. This is achieved in a rapid, reversible, and low-cost process that relies on ligand exchange within the active catalyst. Notably, the sulfoxide-containing catalyst systems produced NMR signal enhancements between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude larger than its unmodified counterpart.

Relationship of ultraviolet light exposure and cutaneous and systemic disease activity in youth with childhood-onset systemic lupus: Results from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry.

Objective: To investigate the association between sun exposure measured by ultraviolet light index (UVI) and seasonality with rash and systemic disease activity in youth with childhood-onset systemic lupus (cSLE) from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry.

Methods: We reviewed data on rash and disease activity from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) scores from cSLE CARRA Registry participants with visits between 2010 and 2019 and obtained UVI data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Our main exposures were UVI and season during the month of visit and one month prior to visit.

The application of synthetic antibacterial minerals to combat topical infections: exploring a mouse model of MRSA infection.

The development of new antibiotics has stalled, and novel strategies are needed as we enter the age of antibiotic resistance. Certain naturally occurring clays have been shown to be effective in killing antibiotic resistant bacteria. However, these natural clays are too variable to be used in clinical settings.

Investigating the effects of three trace metals on the viability, embryonic development, and locomotor behavior of the Seminole ramshorn snail at environmentally relevant concentrations.

Trace metal contamination is a widespread issue due to its many natural and anthropogenic sources and known carcinogenic, teratogenic, and reproductive effects. As previous invertebrate trace metal research has primarily focused on model species (Daphnia magna, Chironomidae, etc.), our understanding of effects on non-model invertebrate species remains relatively poor.

A facility-level self-assessment of Autonomous Pharmacy Framework levels.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to understand at what level of the Autonomous Pharmacy Framework facilities are operating, in terms of the current state of data collection and analysis in the medication-use process, and to gather insights about systems integration and automation use.

Methods: The Autonomous Pharmacy Advisory Board, a group of chief pharmacy officers and operational leaders, developed a self-assessment instrument based on the previously published Autonomous Pharmacy Framework, made the self-assessment instrument available via the internet, and reviewed respondents' self-reported results. The data collection period for the survey started in March of 2021 and ended in January of 2023.

A novel cold-chain free VCG-based subunit vaccine protects against -induced neonatal mortality in a pregnant mouse model.

(Cab) causes spontaneous abortion and neonatal mortality in infected ruminants and pregnant women. Most Cab infections are asymptomatic, although they can be treated with antibiotics, signifying that control of these infections may require alternative strategies, including the use of effective vaccines. However, the limitations imposed by live attenuated and inactivated vaccines further suggest that employment of subunit vaccines may need to be considered.