An advanced double-phase stacking ensemble technique with active learning classifier: Toward reliable disruption prediction in Aditya tokamak.

Disruptions in tokamak nuclear reactors, where plasma confinement is suddenly lost, pose a serious threat to the reactor and its components. Classifying discharges as disruptive or non-disruptive is crucial for effective plasma operation and advanced prediction. Traditional disruption identification systems often struggle with noise, variability, and limited adaptability.

Complicated penetrating foreign body neck injury.

Penetrating neck injury is associated with significant morbidity due to the several structures (neurological, vascular and aerodigestive) within close proximity to one another. This case highlights an uncommon presentation of an embedded foreign body following penetrating neck trauma and the decision-making required during management.

Deep Learning for Automated Image Segmentation of the Middle Ear: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized medical image segmentation in recent years. This scoping review aimed to carry out a comprehensive review of the literature describing automated image segmentation of the middle ear using CNNs from computed tomography (CT) scans.

Data Sources: A comprehensive literature search, generated jointly with a medical librarian, was performed on Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, using Medical Subject Heading terms and keywords.

Efficacy of matrix rhythm therapy (MaRhyThe©) over conventional therapy on radiation induced trismus-A pilot randomised control trial.

Background And Objectives: Prevalence of radiation induced trismus in head and neck cancer (HNC) is 38% to 42% globally. Radiation induced trismus depends on the dosage of the radiation therapy and the surgical procedure. Myofascial release (MFR) and Matrix rhythm therapy (MaRhyThe©) are techniques used to treat the myofascial pain and muscular restriction.

Role of pinch in Argon impurity transport in ohmic discharges of Aditya-U Tokamak.

We present experimental results of the trace argon impurity puffing in the ohmic plasmas of Aditya-U tokamak performed to study the argon transport behaviour. Argon line emissions in visible and Vacuum Ultra Violet (VUV) spectral ranges arising from the plasma edge and core respectively are measured simultaneously. During the experiments, space resolved brightness profile of Ar line emissions at 472.

Co-consuming green tea with raloxifene decreases raloxifene systemic exposure in healthy adult participants.

Green tea is a popular beverage worldwide. The abundant green tea catechin (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a potent in vitro inhibitor of intestinal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity (K  ~2 μM). Co-consuming green tea with intestinal UGT drug substrates, including raloxifene, could increase systemic drug exposure.

Translating Kratom-Drug Interactions: From Bedside to Bench and Back.

Kratom is a botanical natural product belonging to the coffee family, with stimulant effects at low doses and opioid-like effects at higher doses. During the last two decades, kratom has been purported as a safer alternative to pharmaceutical and illicit drugs to self-manage pain and opioid withdrawal symptoms. Kratom alkaloids, typically mitragynine, have been detected in biologic samples from overdose deaths.

Clinical Assessment of the Drug Interaction Potential of the Psychotropic Natural Product Kratom.

Oral formulations prepared from the leaves of the kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) plant are increasingly used for their opioid-like effects to self-manage opioid withdrawal and pain. Calls to US poison centers involving kratom exposures increased >50-fold from 2011-2017, one-third of which reported concomitant use of kratom with drugs of abuse. Many of these drugs are eliminated primarily via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and CYP2D6, raising concerns for potential adverse pharmacokinetic kratom-drug interactions.

Investigating the effect of density variation on pitch angle scattering events of runaway electrons as observed through electron cyclotron emission diagnostic at Aditya-upgrade tokamak.

Nascent observations about the influence of kinetic instabilities on electron cyclotron emission (ECE) from runaway electrons (REs) have been detected and explored at the Aditya-Upgrade (Aditya-U) tokamak. The developed broadband ECE radiometer system offers wideband measurements by integrating several radio frequency units with a fixed intermediate frequency receiver with multiple channels, which is a novel approach to meet the needs of the localized measurements at various toroidal fields and extend the system dynamic range. The low density (n ≤ 1 × 10 m) plasma discharges at Aditya-U are consistently accompanied by a 20%-40% increase in the ECE radiometer signal amplitude within 100 µs and sporadic step-like modulations.

First results of fast visible imaging diagnostic in Aditya-U tokamak.

A Fast Visible Imaging Diagnostic (FVID) system, measuring the visible light emission spectrum (400-1000 nm) from tokamak plasma, has been installed on the Aditya-U tokamak to monitor the two-dimensional dynamics of the poloidal cross section of the plasma. In this work, we present the design and installation of the FVID system on the Aditya-U tokamak. The evolution of plasma and plasma-wall interactions is described.

Initial results from near-infrared spectroscopy on ADITYA-U tokamak.

Spectroscopy in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and visible ranges plays an important role in the investigation and diagnosis of tokamak plasmas. However, under harsh environmental conditions of fusion grade devices, such as ITER, VUV-visible systems encounter many issues due to the degradation of optical components used in such systems. Here, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has become an effective tool in understanding the edge plasma dynamics.

Investigating discrepancies in demand and access for bariatric surgery across different demographics in the COVID-19 era.

Obesity affects over 650 million adults worldwide and increases the risk of cardiovascular events, diabetes, and hypertension. While lifestyle recommendations are popular management options, bariatric surgery has emerged as a standard of care in refractory cases, reported to cause at least a 30% reduction in mortality. In addition, it mitigates obesity-related complications leading to a significant improvement in the quality of life for morbidly obese patients (BMI >40).

Increasing Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Pregnancy Outcomes in the United States.

Introduction:  As many Americans are becoming overweight or obese, increased body mass index (BMI) is fast becoming normalized. There is a need for more research that highlights the association between pre-pregnancy obesity and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Aim: To determine the association between increasing pre-pregnancy BMI and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Initial results from time-resolved LaBr based hard x-ray spectrometer for ADITYA-U tokamak.

Runaway electrons (REs) are passively studied by hard x-ray (HX) emissions generated by REs. A LaBr(Ce) detector-based HX spectroscopic diagnostic (operational within ∼75 keV to 3.5 MeV) has been set up on the ADITYA-U.

Review of Impact of COVID-19 on Maternal, Neonatal Outcomes, and Placental Changes.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a disease that has caused a global impact. COVID-19 is transmitted through airborne droplets, respiratory secretions, and direct contact. The pandemic has affected individuals of different ages, and studying the impact of COVID-19 on maternal and newborn outcomes is critical.

Clear Cell Hidradenoma in a Pregnant Female.

Solid cystic hidradenoma, or clear cell hidradenoma, is a distinct and histologically rare tumor formed at the sweat glands, found mainly in adults and majorly among women. In this case, a 26-year-old female presented with asymptomatic swelling in her left inguinal area. Similar cases have been discussed in the literature considering the same kind of tumor.

Assessment and Diagnosis of Down Syndrome Regression Disorder: International Expert Consensus.

Objective: To develop standardization for nomenclature, diagnostic work up and diagnostic criteria for cases of neurocognitive regression in Down syndrome.

Background: There are no consensus criteria for the evaluation or diagnosis of neurocognitive regression in persons with Down syndrome. As such, previously published data on this condition is relegated to smaller case series with heterogenous data sets.

Evidence of neuroinflammation and immunotherapy responsiveness in individuals with down syndrome regression disorder.

Background: Down syndrome regression disorder is a symptom cluster consisting of neuropsychiatric regression without cause. This study evaluated the incidence of neurodiagnostic abnormalities in individuals with Down syndrome regression disorder and determined if abnormalities are indicative of responses to therapeutic intervention.

Methods: A retrospective, multi-center, case-control study was performed.