Bayesian techniques for comparison of the test performance of PCR and culture for the identification of Campylobacter in enriched comminuted chicken samples.

Aims: Using Bayesian methods that do not require the definition of a gold standard, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay are compared to those of an enriched culture assay for detection of Campylobacter in enriched comminuted chicken samples.

Methods And Results: Food Safety and Inspection Service comminuted chicken samples were collected from production facilities across the United States. Enriched samples were examined using a commercial real-time PCR kit and plated for culture.

Introduction to United States Department of Agriculture VetNet: status of Salmonella and Campylobacter databases from 2004 through 2005.

In 2003 the United States Department of Agriculture established USDA VetNet. It was modeled after PulseNet USA, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance. The objectives of USDA VetNet are: to use pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to subtype zoonotic pathogens submitted to the animal arm of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS); examine VetNet and PulseNet PFGE patterns; and use the data for surveillance and investigation of suspected foodborne illness outbreaks.

Evaluation of the association between feeding raw meat and Salmonella enterica infections at a Greyhound breeding facility.

Objective: To investigate Salmonella enterica infections at a Greyhound breeding facility.

Design: Cross-sectional study. ANIMAL AND SAMPLE POPULATIONS: 138 adult and juvenile dogs and S.

Genetic relatedness of a rarely isolated Salmonella: Salmonella enterica serotype Niakhar from NARMS animal isolates.

Background: In the United States, Salmonella enterica serotype Niakhar is infrequently isolated. Between 1997 and 2000, the animal arm of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System-Enteric Bacteria (NARMS) assayed a total of 22,383 Salmonella isolates from various animal sources (swine, cattle, chickens, turkeys, cats, horses, exotics and dogs) for antimicrobial susceptibility. Isolates originated from diagnostic and non-diagnostic submissions.

Presence of Campylobacter jejuni in various organs one hour, one day, and one week following oral or intracloacal inoculations of broiler chicks.

Day-old broiler chicks (n=30) were obtained from a commercial hatchery and inoculated, either orally or intracloacally, with a characterized strain of Campylobacter jejuni. At 1 hr, 1 day, and 1 wk after inoculation, broilers (n = 5) from the orally and intracloacally inoculated groups along with control birds (n=4) were humanely killed by cervical dislocation. The broilers from the control and treatment groups were aseptically opened, and the thymus, spleen, liver/gallbladder, bursa of Fabricius, and ceca were aseptically removed and individually analyzed for C.

Biochemical and immunological changes in chickens experiencing pulmonary hypertension syndrome caused by Enterococcus faecalis.

Recent studies have proven that Enterococcus faecalis (1.5 x 10(7) live bacteria from a tryptic broth culture given s.c.

Pulmonary hypertension syndrome in young chickens challenged with frozen and autoclaved cultures of Enterococcus faecalis.

Enterococcus faecalis, when administered in a growth medium or sterile saline, will cause pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) in chickens. The objective of this study was to determine if frozen and/or autoclaved cultures of E. faecalis retain ability to evoke PHS.

Morphological changes in heart and lungs of broilers experiencing pulmonary hypertension syndrome caused by Enterococcus faecalis.

In a previous report, a method of identification of birds experiencing early symptoms of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) caused by challenge with Enterococcus faecalis was delineated. This method involved subjective heart scores based on visual observation of a cavity on the external surface of the right ventricular wall (RVW), as well as tonicity and thickness of this wall. Accuracy in identifying birds 48 h postchallenge with E.

Bacteria in heart and lungs of young chicks.

Aims: The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether the heart and lungs of young chicks harboured bacteria.

Methods And Results: Samples of the heart and lungs were aseptically removed from chicks on scheduled sampling days. Experiment 1 showed that of the 360 birds evaluated during the late embryonic and early post-hatching periods, only 10.

Stress and nutritional quality of broilers.

Broiler chicks were reared in environmental chambers. All birds were started under ideal conditions, i.e.

Pulmonary hypertension syndrome in broilers caused by Enterococcus faecalis.

A field strain of Enterococcus faecalis was administered to broiler chicks at doses of 0, 3 x 10(6), 1.5 x 10(7), and 2 x 10(7) bacteria/bird either intra-abdominally or intravenously. In trials 1 to 3, birds were reared communally in a broiler house on pine shaving litter.