A systematic review of iodine intake in children, adults, and pregnant women in Europe-comparison against dietary recommendations and evaluation of dietary iodine sources.

Context: Adequate iodine intake is essential throughout life. Key dietary sources are iodized salt and animal products, but dietary patterns in Europe are changing, for example toward lower salt intake and a more plant-based diet.

Objective: To review iodine intake (not status) in European populations (adults, children, and pregnant women) to identify at-risk groups and dietary sources.

Trends in fluid consumption and beverage choices among adults reveal preferences for ayran and black tea in central Turkey.

Aim: Beverages are globally significant sources of water in the diet. There is a lack of knowledge about fluid intake from beverage and water consumption in Turkey. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the type of drinks preferred at meals and snacks as well as the daily fluid, beverage and water intakes based on age and gender.

Does propolis have any effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of propolis on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 as the NAFLD, NAFLD+100 and NAFLD+200 groups. The rats were fed with a fatty diet (25g/kg/day) to provoke NAFLD.

Effect of plate size on meal energy intake in normal weight women.

Background/objectives: Use of smaller plates to control food intake is a commonly recommended strategy for restricting energy intake, despite conflicting results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether or not three different sizes of plates influence energy intake during a multi-itemed buffet meal in normal weight women.

Subjects/methods: This was a cross-over study conducted on 37 female participants aged 19-25 years with normal BMI levels.

Do fatty acids affect fetal programming?

Background: In this study discussed the primary and regulatory roles of fatty acids, and investigated the affects of fatty acids on metabolic programming.

Methods: Review of the literature was carried out on three electronic databases to assess the roles of fatty acids in metabolic programming. All abstracts and full-text articles were examined, and the most relevant articles were selected for screening and inclusion in this review.

β-Glucan and dark chocolate: a randomized crossover study on short-term satiety and energy intake.

Aim: The aims of this study were to adapt a traditional recipe into a healthier form by adding 3 g of oat β-glucan, substituting milk chocolate to dark chocolate with 70% cocoa, and to examine the effect of these alterations on short-term satiety and energy intake.

Materials And Methods: Study subjects (n = 25) were tested in a randomized, crossover design with four products closely matched for energy content. Four different versions of a traditional recipe including milk chocolate-control (CON), oat β-glucan (B-GLU), dark chocolate (DARK) or oat β-glucan and dark chocolate (B-GLU + DARK) were given to subjects on different test days.

Serum levels of alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, beta-carotene, and retinol in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between antioxidant vitamin levels and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). For this purpose, we measured the serum levels of 4 antioxidant vitamins, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, retinol, and ascorbic acid, in patients with environmentally induced MPM and in healthy controls from one tremolite village (Kureysler), the biggest erionite village (Tuzkoy) and Ankara. A total of 160 subjects were enrolled in the study, 42 (26.

Oxidative stress in the airways of children with asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Introduction: Even though it is well known that oxidant stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, less is known about allergic rhinitis. Moreover, it is not known whether the co-existence of the two diseases augments the level of oxidant stress within a united airway concept.

Aim: To define the level of oxidative stress in children with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis in nasal and oral exhaled breath condensates (EBC) of children.

Olive oil-based fat emulsion versus soy oil-based fat emulsion in abdominal oncologic surgery.

In parenteral nutrition (PN), essential fatty acids are provided by soy oil-based fat emulsions, which may exert adverse effects on the immune system and lipid peroxidation. Olive oil -based fat emulsions have been said to prevent these undesired effects. This study compares effects of olive oil - and soy oil -based fat emulsions in 22 patients who underwent abdominal surgery for cancer.

The urinary cotinine levels of infants and the determinants.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the route of tobacco smoke exposure on urinary cotinine levels of infants. A cross-sectional analysis was done on 254 six-month-old infants. The infants were grouped according to the route of tobacco smoke exposure.

Nutritional risk of hospitalized patients in Turkey.

Background & Aims: We conducted a multicentre study to assess nutritional risk at hospital admission, hospital-associated iatrogenic malnutrition and the status of nutritional support in Turkish hospitals.

Methods: A database which allowed for online submission of hospital and patient data was developed. A nutritional risk screening system (NRS-2002) was applied to all patients and repeated weekly in patients with hospital stays greater than one week and no invasive procedures.

Effect of increased abdominal pressure on cytokines (IL1 beta, IL6, TNFalpha), C-reactive protein (CRP), free radicals (NO, MDA), and histology.

Background: It is generally accepted that proinflammatory mediators, including cytokines, are responsible for the metabolic changes associated with injury. Recent clinical and experimental studies have also shown that the laparoscopic procedures actually produce ischemia-reperfusion injury in the organs by oxygen-derived free radicals. This study aimed to assess the effect of different insufflation pressures and laparotomy on tissue response by comparing the proinflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein, and serum and tissue levels of oxygen-derived free radicals.

The effect of passive smoking and breast feeding on serum antioxidant vitamin (A, C, E) levels in infants.

Aim: Toxic substances in tobacco smoke are known to have negative effects on the antioxidant capacity of human body. In order to investigate the effect of passive smoking on serum antioxidant levels in infants, serum vitamin A, E, C levels and urinary cotinine/creatinine levels were measured in 254 infants at the age of 6 months.

Methods: The information about infants' nutrition and exposure to tobacco smoke was obtained from the mothers by the help of a questionnaire.

A comprehensive evaluation of the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems in childhood asthma.

Background: Even though there is ample evidence on the oxidative stress in asthma, there is limited information on the antioxidant defense systems.

Objectives: To conduct a comprehensive evaluation of various components of both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in a large group of children with asthma.

Methods: A total of 164 children with mild asthma and 173 healthy children were included in the study.

Oxidative stress and genetic and epidemiologic determinants of oxidant injury in childhood asthma.

Background: The factors contributing to the oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in asthma are incompletely understood.

Objective: To determine the factors associated with oxidative stress including asthma severity and the genotype of the antioxidant enzymes.

Methods: A total of 196 children with mild asthma, 116 children with moderate-severe asthma, and 2 healthy control groups (187 and 68 children) were included in the study.

The role of oxidants and antioxidants in otitis media with effusion in children.

Objective: Determine the possible role of oxidants and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion in children.

Study Design And Setting: Randomized controlled trial, tertiary referral center. The study group was made up of children with otitis media with effusion who were to undergo bilateral ventilation tube insertion and adenoidectomy.

[The role of nitric oxide in trauma and infection].

Nitric oxide (NO) is a very important molecule for homeostasis. It is involved in several pathological conditions ranging from hypertension to septic shock. It is synthesized from L-arginine, which is catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase (NOS).

The role of oxidants and antioxidants in chronic tonsillitis and adenoid hypertrophy in children.

Objective: To determine the possible role of oxidants and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis (CT) and adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children.

Methods: Randomized, prospective, controlled. The study group was made up of children with chronic tonsillitis and adenoid hypertrophy who are to undergo tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

Role of free radicals and antioxidants in nasal polyps.

Objectives/hypothesis: The aim of this study is to determine the role of free radicals and antioxidants in nasal polyps.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled study.

Methods: Thirty-one patients with nasal polyposis and a control group consisting of 19 patients with septal deviation and lower turbinate hypertrophy were included in the study.

The effects of verapamil vs. allopurinol on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. "An experimental study".

Background/aims: Although studies have reported that xanthine oxidase inhibitors or calcium channel blockers attenuate the ischemia-reperfusion injury in several organ systems, no comparative study exists on the significance of each of these pathways. To study this, in anesthetized Wistar Albino rats, a surgical model for intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury was employed.

Methodology: In experimental animals, after laparotomy, the superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 30 min, followed by a 2-h period of reperfusion; control rats underwent only a sham laparotomy procedure.

Hydrogen peroxide-induced inhibition of vasomotor activity: evaluation of single and combined treatments with vitamin A and insulin in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

A positive correlation has been established between increased oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases in diabetes mellitus. We evaluated the effects of single or combined treatments with vitamin A (retinol acetate, 30 mg/kg/day, for 12-weeks) and insulin (8-10 IU/rat/day for the final 6-week) on vasomotor activity, oxidative stress and retinol metabolism in 12-week streptozotocin diabetic rats. The vasomotor activity was determined by measuring in vitro responsiveness of aorta rings to phenylephrine (PE) and acetylcholine (ACh) in the absence or in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).