Timing of Vaccination after Training: Immune Response and Side Effects in Athletes.

Objectives: Influenza vaccination was used to assess whether induction of immunity or side effects are influenced by the timing of the last training session before vaccination.

Methods: Forty-five healthy athletes (36 male, 23 ± 8 yr, ≥5 training sessions per week, predominantly national competition level) were vaccinated with the tetravalent influenza vaccine; blood samples were collected immediately before and 1, 2, and 26 wk after vaccination. Athletes were randomly assigned to vaccination within 2 h after the last training session versus after 24-26 h.

Elite athletes on regular training show more pronounced induction of vaccine-specific T-cells and antibodies after tetravalent influenza vaccination than controls.

Compliance of elite athletes with vaccination recommendations is low mainly based on concerns about side-effects and perceived poor vaccine efficacy due to continued physical training. We therefore employed seasonal influenza vaccination to investigate the effect of regular physical training on vaccine-induced cellular and humoral immunity in elite athletes and controls. Lymphocyte subpopulations and vaccine-specific T-cells were quantified and functionally characterized from 45 athletes and 25 controls before, and 1, 2 and 26 weeks after vaccination.

Analysis of trainees' memory after classroom presentations of didactical ultrasound courses.

Background: Emergency ultrasound is gaining importance in medical education. Widespread teaching methods are frontal presentations and hands-on training. The primary goal of our study was to evaluate the impact of frontal presentations (PS) by analysis of retained knowledge rate (RKR) and learning load (LL).

Does the integration of personalized ultrasound change patient management in critical care medicine? Observational trials.

Objective. To test the influence of personalized ultrasound (PersUS) on patient management in critical care. Design of the Study.