Postoperative cognitive dysfunction after beach chair positioning compared to supine position in orthopaedic surgery in the elderly.

Introduction: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs in up to 26% of patients older than 60 years 1 week after non-cardiac surgery. Intraoperative beach chair positioning (BCP) is advantageous for some types of shoulder surgery. However, this kind of positioning leads to a downward bound redistribution of blood volume, with possible hypoperfusion of the brain.

SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity of polyphenols in a special green tea extract preparation.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic will continue to threaten our health care systems in the next years. In addition to vaccination there is a need for effective tools for prevention and treatment. Products from natural sources, like standardized plant extracts offer a wide range of antiviral effects and possible applications.

Comparison of the Key Aroma Compounds in Fresh, Raw Ginger ( Roscoe) from China and Roasted Ginger by Application of Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis.

By application of a comparative aroma extract dilution analysis on the volatile fractions isolated by solvent extraction and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) from fresh raw Chinese ginger ( ) and roasted ginger, 21 or 33 odorants, respectively, with flavor dilution (FD) factors in the range of 32-4096 were identified. In raw ginger, the highest FD factors were found for ()-isoeugenol, 1,8-cineol, vanillin, geranial, and linalool. After roasting, in particular, the FD factors of 3-(methylthio)propanal (cooked potato-like), 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2)-furanone (caramel-like), 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5)-furanone (seasoning-like), and geraniol were substantially increased.

Quantitation of Key Aroma Compounds in Fresh, Raw Ginger ( Roscoe) from China and Roasted Ginger by Stable Isotope Dilution Assays and Aroma Profiling by Recombination Experiments.

Twenty key odorants recently identified in raw and roasted ginger were quantitated by means of stable isotope dilution assays, of which six assays were newly developed. Odor activity values (OAV; ratio of concentration to odor threshold) revealed 1,8-cineol (eucalyptus-like) with by far the highest value of 65 000 followed by myrcene (geranium-like), for which an OAV of 19 000 was calculated. In addition, ()-citronellal, geranial, ()-linalool, ()-isoeugenol, and ()-2-octenal contributed with high OAVs to the overall aroma profile of the fresh, raw ginger.