Effectiveness and Tolerability of LABA/LAMA Fixed-Dose Combinations Aclidinium/Formoterol, Glycopyrronium/Indacaterol and Umeclidinium/Vilanterol in the Treatment of COPD in Daily Practice - Results of the Non-Interventional DETECT Study.

Background: LABA (long-acting β2-agonists) and/or LAMA (long-acting muscarinic antagonists) represent the first treatment options for patients with symptomatic COPD. Although both display different mechanisms of activity, in combination they have a stronger broncho-dilating effect than monotherapy; hence, a combination of both LABA and LAMA is particularly recommended for patients whose symptoms cannot be sufficiently improved by a single active ingredient. To date, only few data have been collected regarding the therapeutic outcomes of approved LABA/LAMA fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) under everyday (real-life) conditions in non-clinical trial settings.

Antidiabetic pharmacotherapy and anamnestic hypoglycemia in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients--an analysis of the DiaRegis registry.

Background: We aimed to identify predictors of anamnestic hypoglycaemia in type-2 diabetic patients on oral mono- or dual oral combination antidiabetic pharmacotherapy.

Methods: DiaRegis is a prospective registry in type-2 diabetic patients in primary care. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were determined from univariate logistic regression.

Hypoglycaemia is more frequent in type 2 diabetic patients with co-morbid vascular disease: an analysis of the DiaRegis registry.

Background: Patients with type-2 diabetes are at risk for treatment- and disease-related complications. Little is known about the interrelation of hypoglycaemia and co-morbid vascular disease (VD), defined as coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral arterial disease.

Hypothesis: Hypoglycaemia is associated with co-morbid VD in diabetic patients.

Diabetes treatment patterns and goal achievement in primary diabetes care (DiaRegis) - study protocol and patient characteristics at baseline.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk for disease and treatment related complications after the initial approach of oral mono/dual antidiabetic therapy has failed. Data from clinical practice with respect to this patient group are however scarce. Therefore we set up a registry in primary care documenting the course and outcomes of this patient group.

CTLA-4-dependent mechanisms prevent T cell induced-liver pathology during the erythrocyte stage of Plasmodium berghei malaria.

During the course of malaria several organs develop pathology. Frequently also signs of hepatocyte damage are found. In the present work we studied the mechanisms leading to liver pathology during the erythrocyte stage of Plasmodium berghei malaria.