Nutritional Support and Physical Activity Intervention Programs with a Person-Centred Approach in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: a Scoping Review.

Background: The knowledge is sparse in the literature on intervention programs using nutritional support and physical activity for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease within a person-centred approach. We aimed to explore and map the existing evidence on intervention programs with a person-centred approach, focusing on nutritional support and physical activity for people with COPD.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted using Arksey & O'Malley's methodological framework.

Development of a non-target strategy for evaluation of potential biological effects of inhalable aerosols generated during purposeful room conditioning using an inhalation model.

Objectives: An integrated inhalation approach was outlined to estimate potential adverse acute inhalation effects of aerosols from commercial nebulizer applications used for purposeful room conditioning such as disinfection, scenting or others. Aerosol characterization, exposure estimation and evaluation of acute biological effects by inhalation were included to generate dose-response data, allowing for determination of lowest observable adverse effect levels (LOAELs). Correlation of these to estimates of human lung deposition was included for quantitative to extrapolation approach (QIVIVE) for acute effects during human exposure.

An improved guideline adherence and PPI efficacy has been accompanied by a decrease in diagnostic delay, and strictures before diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis in the North Denmark Region - a retrospective registry study of the DanEoE cohorts.

Background: In the North Denmark Region an increased awareness of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) was observed after 2011 where a regional biopsy guideline was implemented. This resulted in an increased awareness of EoE and a 50-fold increase in the incidence of EoE patients between 2007-2017.

Aims: The aims of this study were to examine the progress in diagnostic delay, complications, PPI treatment, and follow up since 2017 in Danish patients with eosinophilic esophagitis.

Substantiate a read-across hypothesis by using transcriptome data-A case study on volatile diketones.

This case study explores the applicability of transcriptome data to characterize a common mechanism of action within groups of short-chain aliphatic α-, β-, and γ-diketones. Human reference data indicate that the α-diketone diacetyl induces bronchiolitis obliterans in workers involved in the preparation of microwave popcorn. The other three α-diketones induced inflammatory responses in preclinical animal studies, whereas beta and gamma diketones in addition caused neuronal effects.

Occupational exposure to veterinary antibiotics: Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in humans after dermal, inhalation and oral uptake - A clinical study.

Occupational exposure to veterinary antibiotics in hen houses at poultry feeding farms was demonstrated by biomonitoring campaigns in the past. The objective of this study was to investigate pharmacokinetics of three uptake routes: dermal, oral and inhaled. In an open-label cross-over study, six healthy volunteers were exposed to single occupational relevant doses of enrofloxacin.

Photosensitivity and filter efficacy in albinism.

Purpose: To describe the prevalence and severity of photosensitivity in patients with albinism, and to compare with ocular features and how this correlated with use and choice of optical filters.

Methods: Cross-sectional study on 81 participants with ocular or oculocutaneous albinism. An ophthalmic evaluation including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and evaluation of iris translucency and fundus hypopigmentation was performed.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is a Natural Target for Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) 2 Vectors.

Although therapeutic options are gradually improving, the overall prognosis for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still poor. Gene therapy-based strategies are developed to complement the therapeutic armamentarium, both in early and late-stage disease. For efficient delivery of transgenes with antitumor activity, vectors demonstrating preferred tumor tropism are required.

A modified protocol for successful miRNA profiling in human precision-cut lung slices (PCLS).

Objective: Human precision cut lung slices (PCLS) are widely used as an ex vivo model system for drug discovery and development of new therapies. PCLS reflect the functional heterogeneity of lung tissue and possess relevant lung cell types. We thus determined the use of PCLS in studying non-coding RNAs notably miRNAs, which are important gene regulatory molecules.

Comparing in vitro human liver models to in vivo human liver using RNA-Seq.

The liver plays an important role in xenobiotic metabolism and represents a primary target for toxic substances. Many different in vitro cell models have been developed in the past decades. In this study, we used RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to analyze the following human in vitro liver cell models in comparison to human liver tissue: cancer-derived cell lines (HepG2, HepaRG 3D), induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (iPSC-HLCs), cancerous human liver-derived assays (hPCLiS, human precision cut liver slices), non-cancerous human liver-derived assays (PHH, primary human hepatocytes) and 3D liver microtissues.

In vitro inhalation cytotoxicity testing of therapeutic nanosystems for pulmonary infection.

Due to the increasing need of new treatment options against bacterial lung infections, novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are under development. Local bioavailability and less systemic exposure lead to the inhalation route of administration. Combining AMPs with nanocarriers (NCs) into nanosystems (NSs) might be a technique for improved results.

Surface defects reduce Carbon Nanotube toxicity in vitro.

The cytotoxicity of two different types of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) in A549 lung epithelial cells and HepG2 hepatocytes was investigated. One MWCNT still contained iron that was used as a catalyst during production, while the other one had all iron removed in a post-production heat treatment resulting in significantly fewer surface defects. The WST-8 assay was applied to test cell viability.

Low Dose Carbon Black Nanoparticle Exposure Does Not Aggravate Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice Irrespective of the Presence of Surface Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

Exposure to exogenous noxae, such as particulate matter, can trigger acute aggravations of allergic asthma-a chronic inflammatory airway disease. We tested whether Carbon Black nanoparticles (CBNP) with or without surface polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) aggravate an established allergic airway inflammation in mice. In an ovalbumin mouse model, Printex90 (P90), P90 coated with benzo[a]pyrene (P90-BaP) or 9-nitroanthracene (P90-9NA), or acetylene soot exhibiting a mixture of surface PAH (AS-PAH) was administered twice (70 µL, 100 µg/mL) during an established allergic airway inflammation.

Cerium oxide and barium sulfate nanoparticle inhalation affects gene expression in alveolar epithelial cells type II.

Background: Understanding the molecular mechanisms of nanomaterial interacting with cellular systems is important for appropriate risk assessment. The identification of early biomarkers for potential (sub-)chronic effects of nanoparticles provides a promising approach towards cost-intensive and animal consuming long-term studies. As part of a 90-day inhalation toxicity study with CeO NM-212 and BaSO NM-220 the present investigations on gene expression and immunohistochemistry should reveal details on underlying mechanisms of pulmonary effects.

Evaluation of a human in vitro hepatocyte-NPC co-culture model for the prediction of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: A pilot study.

Interactions between hepatocytes and immune cells as well as inflammatory episodes are frequently discussed to play a critical role in the alteration of the individual susceptibility to idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI). To evaluate this hypothesis and to face the urgent need for predictive models, we established two co-culture systems based on two human cell lines in presence or absence of pro-inflammatory factors (LPS, TNF), i.e.

Maintenance of high quality rat precision cut liver slices during culture to study hepatotoxic responses: Acetaminophen as a model compound.

Precision cut liver slices (PCLiS) represent a promising tool in reflecting hepatotoxic responses. However, the culture of PCLiS varies considerably between laboratories, which can affect the performance of the liver slices and thus the experimental outcome. In this study, we describe an easily accessible culture method, which ensures optimal slice viability and functionality, in order to set the basis for reproducible and comparable PCLiS studies.

Biological effects of carbon black nanoparticles are changed by surface coating with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Background: Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNP) are mainly composed of carbon, with a small amount of other elements (including hydrogen and oxygen). The toxicity of CBNP has been attributed to their large surface area, and through adsorbing intrinsically toxic substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). It is not clear whether a PAH surface coating changes the toxicological properties of CBNP by influencing their physicochemical properties, through the specific toxicity of the surface-bound PAH, or by a combination of both.

RNA isolation from precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from different species.

Background: Functional 3D organ models such as precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) have recently captured the attention of biomedical research. To enable wider implementation in research and development, these new biologically relevant organ models are being constantly refined. A very important issue is to improve the preparation of high-quality RNA (ribonucleic acid) from PCLS for drug discovery and development of new therapies.

Efficacy and safety of liraglutide for overweight adult patients with type 1 diabetes and insufficient glycaemic control (Lira-1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: The combination of insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist therapy improves glycaemic control, induces weight loss, and reduces insulin dose needed in type 2 diabetes. We assessed the efficacy and safety of the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide as an add-on therapy to insulin for overweight adult patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at Steno Diabetes Center (Gentofte, Denmark).

Development of hematological and immunological characteristics in neonatal rats.

As major immunological and hematological parameters evolve during the early period of life, laboratory data must be interpreted in relation to developmental changes. Wistar (WU) rats were sacrificed on PND2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17 and 21. Peripheral blood, bone marrow, thymus samples and spleen cells were collected and a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed.

Efficacy and safety of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide added to insulin therapy in poorly regulated patients with type 1 diabetes--a protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study: the Lira-1 study.

Introduction: Intensive insulin therapy is recommended for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Hypoglycaemia and weight gain are the common side effects of insulin treatment and may reduce compliance. In patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, the addition of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) therapy has proven effective in reducing weight gain and insulin dose.

Isolation and cultivation of metabolically competent alveolar epithelial cells from A/J mice.

The A/J mouse strain is used in lung cancer studies. To enable mechanistic investigations the isolation and cultivation of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is desirable. Based on four different protocols dispase digestion of lung tissue was best and yielded 9.

Lung alterations following single or multiple low-dose carbon black nanoparticle aspirations in mice.

Carbon black nanoparticle (CBNP) applications in high doses have been shown to be harmful to the lung. It is postulated that even small, environmentally relevant concentrations induce changes on lung homeostasis. The present study determined the impact of low-dose single and multiple CBNP (Printex 90) applications on mouse alveolar cell metabolism, especially inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters.

Pulmonary toxicity of printer toner following inhalation and intratracheal instillation.

The pulmonary effects of a finished toner were evaluated in intratracheal instillation and inhalation studies, using toners with external additives (titanium dioxide nanoparticles and amorphous silica nanoparticles). Rats received an intratracheal dose of 1 mg or 2 mg of toner and were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. The toner induced pulmonary inflammation, as evidenced by a transient neutrophil response in the low-dose groups and persistent neutrophil infiltration in the high-dose groups.

Relative oral bioavailability of glycidol from glycidyl fatty acid esters in rats.

In order to quantify the relative bioavailability of glycidol from glycidyl fatty acid esters in vivo, glycidyl palmitoyl ester and glycidol were orally applied to rats in equimolar doses. The time courses of the amounts of glycidol binding to hemoglobin as well as the excretion of 2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercapturic acids were determined. The results indicate that glycidol is released from the glycidyl ester by hydrolysis and rapidly distributed in the organism.