Regimen Selection for Chemoimmunotherapy in Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Low PD-L1 Expression: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Although chemoimmunotherapy is recommended for advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with low programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, no head-to-head comparisons of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been performed. Therefore, we compared the effect and safety of regimens in these patients to guide evidence-based treatment.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score of 1% to 49% administered ICI combination platinum-based chemotherapy between May 2018 and May 2023 at 19 institutions in Japan.

Spirometry estimation of central airway dysanapsis on computed tomography in healthy subjects without active lung diseases.

The original concept of the airway-to-lung size mismatch, termed dysanapsis, was introduced on spirometry and was extended by computed tomography (CT) evaluation of the central airways. CT-assessed dysanapsis allows a risk estimation of lung disease development in healthy subjects, although radiation exposure limits its use, particularly for younger subjects. This study investigated which spirometry indices can be used to estimate CT-assessed central airway dysanapsis in healthy subjects.

Identifying a Genetic Link Between Lung Function and Psoriasis.

Introduction: The common genetic underpinnings of psoriasis and pulmonary comorbidities have yet to be explored.

Material And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with psoriasis and their relationship with pulmonary function using data from the UK Biobank (UKBB) and the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Biobank (BioVU).

Results: Out of the 63 psoriasis-associated SNPs identified in previous genome-wide association studies within the European population, we successfully identified 53 SNPs, including proxy SNPs in UKBB database.

Clinical impact of cancer cachexia on the outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with PD-L1 tumor proportion scores of ≥50% receiving pembrolizumab monotherapy versus immune checkpoint inhibitor with chemotherapy.

This retrospective, multicenter cohort study aimed to determine whether cancer cachexia serves as a biomarker for determining the most effective treatment for patients having non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) alone or combined with chemotherapy (ICI/chemotherapy). We included 411 patients with advanced NSCLC with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score of ≥50%. The patients were treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy or ICI/chemotherapy.

YAP regulates HER3 signaling-driven adaptive resistance to RET inhibitors in RET-aberrant cancer.

Purpose: Rearranged during transfection (RET) aberrations represent a targetable oncogene in several tumor types, with RET inhibitors displaying marked efficacy. However, some patients with RET-aberrant cancer are insensitive to RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Recently, drug-tolerant mechanisms have attracted attention as targets for initial therapies to overcome drug resistance.

Overlap of Sjögren's Syndrome and Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy With Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case Report.

Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), an inflammatory muscle disease, typically presents as severe muscle weakness due to immunologic mechanisms. Some cases also show cutaneous manifestations, interstitial lung disease, and sicca symptoms. In this report, we present a unique case of an elderly man with a history of mild and stable Sjögren's syndrome (SS) for over 10 years, who later developed interstitial lung disease and myositis, leading to a diagnosis of IMNM confirmed by the presence of anti-signal recognition particle antibodies.

Quadrupolar dinuclear hypervalent tin(iv) compounds with near-infrared emission consisting of Schiff bases based on π-conjugated scaffolds.

Since π-conjugated molecules are commonly used as a scaffold for constructing optoelectronic and functional materials, much effort has been devoted to exploring novel molecular scaffolds for obtaining superior properties. This study focuses on dinuclear hypervalent tin(iv) compounds prepared by the ladderization of Schiff bases using hypervalent tin units. The optical measurements found that introducing hypervalent tin atoms can reinforce the D-π-A system.

Creation of Excitation-Driven Hypervalent Tin(IV) Compounds For Aggregation-Induced Emission and Application to Thermoresponsive Luminescent Films Below Freezing Point.

Although many researchers have devoted their much effort to establish the strategy for developing a stimuli-responsive molecule and tuning of their properties according to the preprogrammed design, it is still challenging to create desired molecules from the scratch. We recently demonstrated that the molecules with a large structural difference between the theoretically optimized structures in the ground and excited states have a potential to exhibit stimuli-responsive luminescent properties. We defined these molecules as an excitation-driven molecule and have shown that they are a versatile platform for designing stimuli-responsive luminescent molecules.

Problems in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus by measurement of casual blood glucose levels at 24-28 gestational weeks.

Aims/introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the problems in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by casual blood glucose (CBG) measurements at 24-28 gestational weeks.

Materials And Methods: Overall, 763 pregnant women who underwent the 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) at 24-28 gestational weeks were enrolled. The preload blood glucose (0-h BG) level of 50-g GCT was considered as CBG.

Depth of response and treatment outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and high PD-L1 expression: An exploratory analysis of retrospective multicenter cohort.

The association between depth of response (DpR) and treatment outcomes has been documented across various types of cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatment is globally used as first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥ 50%. However, in this population, the significance of DpR is not elucidated.

Unraveling the influence of TTF-1 expression on immunotherapy outcomes in PD-L1-high non-squamous NSCLC: a retrospective multicenter study.

Introduction: Several studies explored the association between thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy. However, the effect of TTF-1 on the therapeutic efficacy of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor/chemoimmunotherapy in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (non-Sq NSCLC) with a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score of 50% or more who are highly susceptible to immunotherapy remains unresolved. Therefore, we evaluated whether TTF-1 has a clinical impact on this population.

A rare case of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis complicating pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma.

A 72-year-old man with productive cough and wheezing was referred to our institution for a growing mass shadow and central bronchiectasis in the right lower lobe on computed tomography. Based on the symptoms, elevated Aspergillus-specific immunoglobulin E levels, and radiological findings, allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) was suspected according to the Japanese clinical diagnostic criteria. The patient refused bronchoscopic examination, and oral prednisolone (0.

Preparation of seven-coordinated hypervalent tin(IV)-fused azobenzene and applications for stimuli-responsive π-conjugated polymer films.

Heavy atoms can form highly coordinated states, and their optical properties have attracted much attention. Recently, we have demonstrated that a reversible coordination-number shift of hypervalent tin(IV) from five to six can provide predictable hypsochromic shifts in light absorption and emission properties in small molecules and a π-conjugated polymer film. Herein, we show the preparation of seven-coordinated tin and reveal that the binding constant of the seven coordination with ethylenediamine (EDA, = 2900 M) is 200 times higher than that of six coordination with propylamine (PA, = 14 M) owing to the chelate effect.

HELLP Syndrome at 20 Gestational Weeks Managed Using the Mississippi Protocol: A Case Report.

Hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome is one of the most severe complications of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. HELLP syndrome occurring before 22 gestational weeks (GWs) is extremely rare, and patients prevalently exhibit underlying maternal diseases or fetal abnormalities. Here, we report the case of a pregnant woman who had HELLP syndrome at 20 GWs without any obvious underlying maternal diseases or fetal abnormalities.

Prognostic impact of clinical factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor with or without chemotherapy in older patients with non-small cell lung cancer and PD-L1 TPS ≥ 50.

Introduction: The proportion of older patients diagnosed with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been increasing. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy (MONO) and combination therapy of ICI and chemotherapy (COMBO) are standard treatments for patients with NSCLC and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion scores (TPS) ≥ 50%. However, evidence from the clinical trials specifically for older patients is limited.

A reference equation for lung volume on computed tomography in Japanese middle-aged and elderly adults.

Background: Effective use of lung volume data measured on computed tomography (CT) requires reference values for specific populations. This study examined whether an equation previously generated for multiple ethnic groups in the United States, including Asians predominantly composed of Chinese people, in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) could be used for Japanese people and, if necessary, to optimize this equation. Moreover, the equation was used to characterize patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung hyperexpansion.