Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Chronic Lung Infection: Current Resistance Profile and Hypermutability in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with chronic and progressive lung disease and is closely related to increased morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Hypermutable (HPM) P. aeruginosa isolates have been described in these patients and are usually associated with antibiotic resistance.

Clinical impact of respiratory virus in pulmonary exacerbations of children with Cystic Fibrosis.

Backgrounds: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic, multisystemic, progressive illness that causes chronic suppurative lung disease. A major cause of morbimortality in this condition are pulmonary exacerbations. Although classically attributed to bacterial infections, respiratory virus have been increasingly recognized in its ethiopathogeny.

High-resolution computed tomography findings in young infants with cystic fibrosis detected by newborn screening.

Objective: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) allows the early detection of pathological changes in the lung structure, and reproducible scoring systems can be used to quantify chest computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of the study was to describe early HRCT findings according to a validated scoring system in infants with CF diagnosed by newborn screening (NBS).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included infants with CF diagnosed by NBS who were born between January 2013 and January 2017 and who underwent HRCT scanning within the first year after diagnosis when they were clinically stable.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cystic fibrosis patients: do we need to care? A cohort study.

Context And Objective: The prevalence of a variety of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in cystic fibrosis patients, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), has increased over the past decade. Given the increasing prevalence of MRSA and the few data available in the literature, better understanding of the clinical repercussions of colonization by this bacterium in cystic fibrosis patients becomes essential. This study aimed to evaluate the repercussions of chronic colonization by MRSA in cystic fibrosis patients.

Monitoring clinical and microbiological evolution of a cystic fibrosis patient over 26 years: experience of a Brazilian CF Centre.

Background: Burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of opportunistic pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients believed to be associated with poor prognosis and patient-to-patient transmissibility. Little is known about clinical outcomes after B. vietnamiensis chronic colonization/infection.

infection in cystic fibrosis siblings with different outcomes: Case reports.

Introduction: The clinical relevance of infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) remains controversial. This emerging agent in CF has been associated with increased lung inflammation, more frequent exacerbations and more severe lung disease. We describe a pair of CF siblings chronically colonized by the same multilocus genotype of with different clinical courses, and assess whether this species may have developed any virulence traits and antimicrobial resistance that could have contributed to their singular outcomes.

Draft genome sequence of Acinetobacter pittii ST643 shared by cystic fibrosis patients.

Acinetobacter pittii has emerged as an important hospital pathogen that is associated with outbreaks and drug resistance. In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, the detection of Acinetobacter spp. is rare; however, we isolated the A.

Burkholderia cepacia complex: clinical course in cystic fibrosis patients.

Background: Pulmonary deterioration after B.cepacia complex (BCC) colonization has a heterogeneous pattern. The aim was to investigate the clinical outcome of BCC colonization in CF patients chronically colonized with P.

Low-level resistance and clonal diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among chronically colonized cystic fibrosis patients.

A prospective study was conducted in Brazil to evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with chronic lung infection. All isolates were obtained between May 2009 and June 2010 from 75 patients seen in four reference centers in Brazil: HCPA (20 patients) and HEOM (15 patients), located in southern and northeastern Brazil, respectively; IFF (20 patients) and HUPE (20 patients), both in southwestern Brazil. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR for detection of carpapenemases, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed in 274 isolates.

Severe phenotype in an apparent homozygosity caused by a large deletion in the CFTR gene: a case report.

Background: Over 1900 mutations have been identified in the cystic fibrosis conductance transmembrane regulator gene, including single nucleotide substitutions, insertions, and deletions. Unidentified mutations may still lie in introns or in regulatory regions, which are not routinely investigated, or in large genomic deletions, which are not revealed by conventional molecular analysis. The apparent homozygosity for a rare, cystic fibrosis conductance transmembrane regulator mutation screened by standard molecular analysis should be further investigated to confirm if the mutation is in fact homozygous.

Multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from cystic fibrosis patients.

Worldwide, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have become emergent pathogens of pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, with an estimated prevalence ranging from 5 to 20%. This work investigated the presence of NTM in sputum samples of 129 CF patients (2 to 18 years old) submitted to longitudinal clinical supervision at a regional reference center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From June 2009 to March 2012, 36 NTM isolates recovered from 10 (7.

Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene carriage among Staphylococcus aureus strains with SCCmec types I, III, IV, and V recovered from cystic fibrosis pediatric patients in Brazil.

The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We report a molecular characterization, antimicrobial resistance, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin gene detection of MRSA strains from 28 Brazilian pediatric CF patients (1 strain per patient). A significant proportion (50%) of MRSA SCCmec IV isolates was observed.

High-resolution computed tomography scores in cystic fibrosis patients colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus.

Objective: To compare HRCT findings in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients chronically colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus using the modified Bhalla CT scoring system, as well as to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the method.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 41 CF patients, 26 of whom were chronically colonized with P. aeruginosa (Pa group), and 15 of whom were colonized with S.

Achromobacter xylosoxidans: characterization of strains in Brazilian cystic fibrosis patients.

We investigated the possibility of cross-infection among cystic fibrosis patients in two Brazilian reference centers. Achromobacter xylosoxidans isolates (n = 122) were recovered over a 5-year period from 39 patients. Isolates were genetically heterogeneous, but one genotype was present in 56% of the patients, suggesting that cross-infection may have occurred.

KPC-2 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patients with Cystic Fibrosis.

Bacteria producing Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) are rapidly emerging as a cause of multidrug-resistant infections worldwide. KPCs enzyme are plasmid-borne and can accumulate and transfer resistance determinants to other classes of antibiotics.We report two cases of KPC-2 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Cystic Fibrosis patients.

Comparison of the worldwide transmissible Pseudomonas aeruginosa with isolates from brazilian cystic fibrosis patients.

Cross-infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is a rare occurrence. However, the emergence of transmissible strains has been reported between unrelated individuals. We analyzed the genetic relationship among P.

Influence of biofilm formation in the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Brazilian patients with cystic fibrosis.

Biofilms play a key role in the occurrence of lung infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study, we examined 40 isolates of P. aeruginosa from CF patients according to their capacity to form biofilm.

Burkholderia cenocepacia, B. multivorans, B. ambifaria and B. vietnamiensis isolates from cystic fibrosis patients have different profiles of exoenzyme production.

Knowledge about the virulence mechanisms of species from the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is still limited. The genomovar heterogeneity and production of different virulence factors are likely to contribute to the variation in the clinical outcome observed in BCC-infected cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Therefore, in this study we investigated the genetic polimorphism, the presence of genetic makers associated with virulence and transmissibility in BCC, and the profile of exoenzyme production of 59 BCC isolates obtained from 59 CF patients attending the reference CF centre in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Transient isolation of Burkholderia multivorans and Burkholderia cenocepacia from a Brazilian cystic fibrosis patient chronically colonized with Burkholderia vietnamiensis.

Fifteen serial Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates recovered over a period of 4 years from a single cystic fibrosis patient were analysed for genomovar status by means of recA sequence determination, and genetic relatedness by RAPD-PCR. Twelve isolates were assigned as Burkholderia vietnamiensis, two as Burkholderia cenocepacia and one as Burkholderia multivorans. B.