Panel 1: Epidemiology and global health, including child development, sequelae and complications.

Objective: To summarise the published research evidence on the epidemiology of otitis media, including the risk factors and sequelae associated with this condition.

Data Sources: Medline (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library covering the period from 2019 to June 1st 2023.

Review Methods: We conducted a broad search strategy using otitis [Medical Subject Heading] combined with text words to identify relevant articles on the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, complications, and sequelae for acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, and chronic suppurative otitis media.

Allergic Rhinitis in Childhood and the New EUFOREA Algorithm.

Allergic rhinitis in childhood has been often missed, mistreated and misunderstood. It has significant comorbidities, adverse effects upon quality of life and educational performance and can progress to asthma or worsen control of existing asthma. Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are important.

Cleft lip and palate associated hearing loss in Brazilian children.

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate children have chronic otitis media related to Eustachian Tube dysfunction and associated conductive hearing loss. In this group of children, communicative skill development limitations, in association with orofacial aesthetics and functional disorders, can lead to behavioral, educational and social problems.

Methods: We evaluated the minimum hearing threshold and the air-bone gap (ABG) in a range from 500 to 4000 Hz for 4-14 years old cleft lip and palate children (CLPC).

IV Brazilian Consensus on Rhinitis - an update on allergic rhinitis.

Introduction: The guidelines on allergic rhinitis aim to update knowledge about the disease and care for affected patients. The initiative called "Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma", initially published in 2001 and updated in 2008 and 2010, has been very successful in disseminating information and evidence, as well as providing a classification of severity and proposing a systemized treatment protocol. In order to include the participation of other medical professionals in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, it is important to develop algorithms that accurately indicate what should and can be done regionally.

First Clinical Consensus and National Recommendations on Tracheostomized Children of the Brazilian Academy of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (ABOPe) and Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP).

Introduction: Tracheostomy is a procedure that can be performed in any age group, including children under 1year of age. Unfortunately health professionals in Brazil have great difficulty dealing with this condition due to the lack of standard care orientation.

Objective: This clinical consensus by Academia Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia Pediátrica (ABOPe) and Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (SBP) aims to generate national recommendations on the care concerning tracheostomized children.

Cystic Fibrosis: Brazilian ENT Experience.

Most published studies about Cystic Fibrosis (CF) are European or North American. There are still few publications about the characteristics of fibrocystic populations in developing countries. The incidence of cystic fibrosis (CF) in Brazil varies among different regions (1 : 10,000 in Minas Gerais, 1 : 9,500 in Paraná, 1 : 8,700 in Santa Catarina, and 1 : 1600 in Rio Grande do Sul).

Nuts and seed: a natural yet dangerous foreign body.

Rationale And Aim: This paper has the object to present the impact of nuts' and seeds' injuries withdrawing data from the Susy Safe registry, highlighting that as for other foreign bodies the main item efficiently and substantially susceptible to changes to decrease the accidents' rates is the education of adults and children, that can be shared with parents both from pediatricians and general practitioners. Indeed labeling and age related warnings have also a fundamental relevance in prevention.

Methods: The present study draws its data from the Susy Safe registry.

Allergic rhinitis in the child and associated comorbidities.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) typically presents after the second year of life, but the exact prevalence in early life is unknown. AR affects 10-30% of the population, with the greatest frequency found in children and adolescents. It appears that the prevalence has increased in the pediatric population.

History and evolution of pediatric otolaryngology (PED ENT) in Latin America.

This paper will provide a description of pediatric otolaryngology and its history and evolution in Latin America.

Optimizing the management of the main acute infections in pediatric ORL: tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media.

Unlabelled: Sinusitis, acute otitis media and tonsillitis are very frequent in children. Most of these infections are caused by viruses, but are generally treated with antibiotics. Inappropriate use of antibiotics favors the selection, growth and spread of resistant bacteria; these bacteria colonize the airways and affect the entire community.

The Internet-current trends and future expectations among Brazilian pediatricians and otolaryngologists with a special interest in pediatric otolaryngology.

Objective: To assess Internet use among a group of Brazilian pediatricians and otolaryngologists and to inquire about possible Web based medical resources.

Methods: Questionnaires were distributed among attendees of a 2001 Pediatric Otolaryngology meeting in Brazil. Multiple choice or yes/no questions related to the use of the Internet among physicians were presented.