Biofilms: Formation, drug resistance and alternatives to conventional approaches.

Biofilms are aggregates of bacteria, in most cases, which are resistant usually to broad-spectrum antibiotics in their typical concentrations or even in higher doses. A trend of increasing multi-drug resistance in biofilms, which are responsible for emerging life-threatening nosocomial infections, is becoming a serious problem. Biofilms, however, are at various sensitivity levels to environmental factors and are versatile in infectivity depending on virulence factors.

Exploring the Black Box of Managing Total Rewards for Older Professionals in the Canadian Financial Services Sector.

This study extends our knowledge about the management of older employees in the sector of financial services, which faces enormous transformational pressures (e.g., emergence of artificial intelligence, digital services).

What Does Honors Mean? National Analysis of Medical School Clinical Clerkship Grading.

Objective: Medical Student Performance Evaluation (MSPE) letters provide critical comparative information about clerkship performance, and are a crucial part of the surgical residency application. The elimination of USMLE Step 1 numeric reporting increases the importance of transparency, standardization, and accessibility of comparative information reported on the MSPE. The objective of our study was to measure the variability in clerkship grade reporting on the MSPE from US medical schools, particularly focusing on the highest (honors) grades.

Implementation of a High-Value Care Curriculum for General Surgery Residents.

Introduction: Healthcare expenditures account for more than 3.5 trillion dollars annually with estimates of nearly one-half being wasteful. High-value care (HVC) balances the benefits, harms, and costs of healthcare.