Dimethyl fumarate mitigates optic neuritis.

Purpose: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), a demyelinating autoimmune disease characterized by acute episodes of motor, sensory, and cognitive symptoms.

Characterization of medial septal glutamatergic neurons and their projection to the hippocampus.

The two neuronal populations that have been typically investigated in the septum use acetylcholine and GABA as neurotransmitters. The existence of noncholinergic, non-GABAergic, most likely glutamatergic septal neurons has recently been reported. However, their morphological characteristics, numbers, distribution, and connectivity have not been determined.

Glutamic acid decarboxylase isoforms are differentially distributed in the septal region of the rat.

The septal region of the brain consists of a heterogeneous population of GABAergic neurons that play an important role in the generation of hippocampal theta rhythms. While GABAergic neurons employ two isoforms of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) for the synthesis of GABA, distribution of GAD isoforms has not been investigated in the septum. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the expression of GAD enzymes in medial and lateral septum.