Health Deficits Among People Experiencing Homelessness in an Australian Capital City: An Observational Study.

People experiencing, or at risk of, homelessness face challenges that result in poorer health outcomes compared to those in stable housing. This study provides the results of over 40 health measures that capture the health status of a group of people in temporary accommodation due to experiencing homelessness, aged 22 to 84 years, in an inner-city location, invited to participate in a comprehensive assessment of physical and psychological health. Evidence of accelerated ageing was found, with 44.

Health Status of People Who Are and Are Not Experiencing Homelessness: Opportunities for Improvement.

This study assessed the physical and psychological health parameters of adults experiencing homelessness to inform the development and delivery of health services by comparing with a housed population in the same South Australian city. Adults experiencing homelessness, known to existing support services, were invited to participate in a comprehensive assessment of their physical and mental health using questionnaires and objective assessments. Descriptive analyses using the percentage of participants failing to attain recommended published thresholds and accumulated health deficits for 16 health assessments were compared for the young group of people experiencing homelessness (18-40 years), the middle aged and older people experiencing homelessness (40-75 years), and a housed population of the middle aged and older people (40-75 years).

An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses Evaluating Associations between Human Health and Exposure to Major Classes of Plastic-Associated Chemicals.

Epidemiological research investigating the impact of exposure to plastics, and plastic-associated chemicals, on human health is critical, especially given exponentially increasing plastic production. In parallel with increasing production, academic research has also increased exponentially both in terms of the primary literature and ensuing systematic reviews with meta-analysis. However, there are few overviews that capture a broad range of chemical classes to present a state of play regarding impacts on human health.

Cardiovascular mortality in people with cancer compared to the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of non-cancer death in cancer survivors, but the risk of CVD varies between cancers.

Objectives: To synthesise available evidence on patterns and magnitude of CVD mortality risk.

Methods: A systematic search of Medline (OVID), CINAHL and Scopus databases from 01-January-2000 to 16-July-2023 of studies of people with cancer, reporting CVD mortality in cancer population compared with a reference population (e.

Clinical effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation and barriers to completion in patients of low socioeconomic status in rural areas: A mixed-methods study.

Objective: To investigate cardiac rehabilitation utilisation and effectiveness, factors, needs and barriers associated with non-completion.

Design: We used the mixed-methods design with concurrent triangulation of a retrospective cohort and a qualitative study.

Setting: Economically disadvantaged areas in rural Australia.

Diagnostic test accuracy of serum procalcitonin compared with C-reactive protein for bone and joint infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The objective of this review was to synthesize the best available evidence for the diagnostic test accuracy of serum procalcitonin compared with serum C-reactive protein for suspected osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in hospitalized children and adolescents.

Introduction: Measurement of serum C-reactive protein remains a routine investigation for the diagnosis of osteoarticular infection in children and adolescents. Measurement of serum procalcitonin has been shown to outperform C-reactive protein in adults with osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.

Mapping Clinical Barriers and Evidence-Based Implementation Strategies in Low-to-Middle Income Countries (LMICs).

Background: Low-to-middle income countries (LMICs) experience a high burden of disease from both non-communicable and communicable diseases. Addressing these public health concerns requires effective implementation strategies and localization of translation of knowledge into practice.

Aim: To identify and categorize barriers and strategies to evidence implementation in LMICs from published evidence implementation studies.

Late mortality in people with cancer: a population-based Australian study.

Objectives: To investigate causes of death of people with cancer alive five years after diagnosis, and to compare mortality rates for this group with those of the general population.

Design, Setting, Participants: Retrospective cohort study; analysis of South Australian Cancer Registry data for all people diagnosed with cancer during 1990-1999 and alive five years after diagnosis, with follow-up to 31 December 2016.

Main Outcome Measures: All-cause and cancer cause-specific mortality, by cancer diagnosis; standardised mortality ratios (study group v SA general population) by sex, age at diagnosis, follow-up period, and index cancer.

Screening for depression and anxiety among patients with acute coronary syndrome in acute care settings: a scoping review.

Objective: The aim of this review was to scope the literature for publications on the practice of screening for depression and anxiety in acute coronary syndrome patients in acute care by identifying instruments for the screening of anxiety and/or depression; determining if screening for anxiety and/or depression has been integrated into cardiac models of care and clinical pathways; and identifying any evidence practice gap in the screening and management of anxiety and/or depression in this population.

Introduction: Depression in acute coronary syndrome is bidirectional. Depression is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and comorbid depression is associated with a twofold greater risk of mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Effectiveness of discharge education strategies versus usual care on clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients: a systematic review.

Objective: The objective of this review was to systematically review studies that evaluated the clinical effectiveness of hospital discharge education strategies provided to patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Introduction: In an era of shortening lengths of stay for patients with ACS, bedside education opportunities are diminishing; however, the importance of discharge education on medication management, emergency procedures and safe recovery remains vital to prevent rehospitalization.

Inclusion Criteria: The following studies were considered for inclusion: English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) measuring educational strategies provided to adults with ACS as the only intervention prior to discharge or post-discharge from acute care, compared to usual care.

Diagnostic test accuracy of serum measurement of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein for bone and joint infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review is to synthesize the best available evidence for the diagnostic test accuracy of procalcitonin (PCT) compared to C-reactive protein (CRP) in diagnosing osteomyelitis (OM) and septic arthritis in hospitalized children and adolescents.

Introduction: Serum measurement of PCT has been shown to outperform CRP in diagnosing adult osteoarticular infections. Before PCT can be considered as a potential diagnostic test in children and adolescents, a systematic review is required.

Cardiotoxicity after cancer treatment: a process map of the patient treatment journey.

Background/aim: Cardiotoxicity is a potential complication of anticancer therapy. While guidelines have been developed to assist practitioners, an effective, evidence based clinical pathway for the treatment of cardiotoxicity has not yet been developed. The aim of this study was to describe the journey of patients who developed cardiotoxicity through the healthcare system in order to establish baseline data to inform the development and implementation of a patient-centred, evidence-based clinical pathway.

Health deficits in community dwelling adults aged 40 to 75 years.

Background: Middle and older years are associated with age related health deficits but how early this begins and progresses is poorly understood. Better understanding is needed to address early decline and support healthier ageing outcomes.

Methods: Seemingly healthy, community dwelling adults aged 40 to 75 years were recruited via local council and business networks.

The Keeping on Track Study: Exploring the Activity Levels and Utilization of Healthcare Services of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Patients in the First 30-Days after Discharge from Hospital.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of bedside discharge education on activity levels and healthcare utilization for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the first 30 days post-discharge. Knowledge recall and objective activity and location data were collected by global positioning systems (GPS). Participants were asked to carry the tracking applications (apps) for 30⁻90 days.

Feasibility of population screening tests to establish a healthy ageing trajectory.

Objectives: There are no agreed comprehensive tests for age-related changes to physical, emotional, mental and social functioning. Research into declining function focuses on those 75 years and older and little is known about age-related changes in younger people. The aims of this project were (1) to ascertain a comprehensive test battery that could underpin community-based health screening programmes for people aged 40-75 years and pilot both (2) community-based recruitment and (3) the utility, acceptability, response burden and logistics.

Examining adherence to activity monitoring devices to improve physical activity in adults with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review.

Background: Activity monitoring devices are currently being used to facilitate and monitor physical activity. No prior review has examined adherence to the use of activity monitoring devices amongst adults with cardiovascular disease.

Methods: Literature from June 2012 to October 2017 was evaluated to examine the extent of adherence to any activity monitoring device used to collect objective physical activity data.

Recommendations and practices for the screening of depression and anxiety in acute coronary syndrome: a scoping review protocol.

The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map current recommendations and practices for the screening of depression and anxiety in acute coronary syndrome patients in the acute care setting.Specifically, the review questions are.

Cardiotoxicity and cardiovascular disease risk assessment for patients receiving breast cancer treatment.

Background: Cardiotoxicity from anticancer therapy affects heart function and structure. Cardiotoxicity can also lead to accelerated development of chronic diseases, especially in the presence of risk factors.

Methods: This study aimed to develop and pilot a combined cardiovascular disease and cardiotoxicity risk assessment questionnaire to quantify the potential extent of risk factors in breast cancer patients prior to treatment.

Culturally appropriate methodology in obtaining a representative sample of South Australian Aboriginal adults for a cross-sectional population health study: challenges and resolutions.

Background: The considerably lower average life expectancy of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, compared with non-Aboriginal and non-Torres Strait Islander Australians, has been widely reported. Prevalence data for chronic disease and health risk factors are needed to provide evidence based estimates for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders population health planning. Representative surveys for these populations are difficult due to complex methodology.

Human Mammary Tumor Virus (HMTV) sequences in human milk.

Background: Retroviral sequences 90-95% homologous to the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) were present in 38% of the breast cancers studied from American women and were not detectable in non-tumor breast tissue from the same patient. The entire proviral structure was described and viral particles were isolated from primary cultures of human breast cancer. This virus was designated as human mammary tumor virus (HMTV).

Human mammary tumor virus (HMTV) in endometrial carcinoma.

Objective: Human mammary tumor virus (HMTV) is 90% to 98% homologous to mouse mammary tumor virus, the etiological agent of mammary tumors in mice. Human mammary tumor virus sequences were found in 40% of the breast cancers studied in both American and Australian women. In addition, 10% of endometrial carcinomas studied in Australian women also contained HMTV sequences.