Five-Year Fracture Rate for Transgender and Gender Diverse Patients on Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.

Introduction: Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is a cornerstone of gender-affirming care for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients, with a direct biological role on bone metabolism. However, a paucity of data describes how GAHT influences fracture rate over time. The study's primary objective was to describe the 5-year all-cause fracture incidence rate (IR) among TGD patients initiating estrogen-based GAHT (E-GAHT) or testosterone-based GAHT (T-GAHT), compared with TGD patients not using GAHT (non-GAHT).

Arthroscopic management of pediatric ankle fractures: a systematic review.

Background: Arthroscopic-assisted treatment of ankle fractures has proven useful in the adult population, but little evidence exists for the utilization of arthroscopic-assisted ankle fracture fixation in the pediatric population. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the management of pediatric ankle fractures using arthroscopy.

Methods: A systematic review was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and MEDLINE from database inception to February 22, 2023.

A Comprehensive Review of the Historical Description of Spine Surgery and Its Evolution.

Major strides in the advancement of spine surgery came about in the 21 century. However, the extensive history of spine surgery can be traced back to long before this time. A clear description of the journey from a primitive yet accurate understanding of the human musculoskeletal system to today's modern aspects of spinal techniques is lacking.

Cement Augmentation of Pedicle Screw Instrumentation: A Literature Review.

This literature review aimed to review the current understanding, indications, and limitations of pedicle screw instrumentation cement augmentation. Since they were first reported in the 1980s, pedicle screw cement augmentation rates have been increasing. Several studies have been published to date that describe various surgical techniques and the biomechanical changes that occur when cement is introduced through the screw-bone interface.

Age, sex, and contemporary outcomes in surgical repair of type A aortic dissection: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample.

Objective: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a surgical emergency with significant morbidity and mortality, as well as significant center-level variation in outcomes. Our study aims to leverage a nationally representative database to assess contemporary in-hospital outcomes in surgical repair of ATAAD, as well as the association of age and sex with outcomes.

Methods: The National Inpatient Sample was queried to identify hospital discharge records of patients aged ≥18 years who underwent urgent surgical repair of ATAAD between 2017 and 2018.

Solitary Pediatric Osteochondroma of the Spine With Cord Compression.

Osteochondromas typically arise in the appendicular skeleton, with axial lesions occurring less commonly. Osteochondroma of the spine resulting in cord compression and symptomatic myelopathy is relatively rare. Most cases are reported in adolescents and adults.

Fugitives on the run: circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic diseases.

The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the bloodstream signals the existence of a tumor and denotes risk of metastatic spread. CTCs can be isolated and analyzed to monitor cancer progression and therapeutic response. However, CTC isolation devices have shown considerable variation in detection rates, limiting their use as a routine diagnostic and monitoring tool.