Comparative effect of chlorhexidine and some mouthrinses on bacterial biofilm formation on titanium surface.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and commonly used mouthrinses to single- and poly-species biofilms by S. mutans, S. aureus and P.

Detection of environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus using a polyclonal antibody by flow cytometry.

The aim of this study was to detect and quantify Vibrio parahaemolyticus using flow cytometry (FCM) in combination with a polyclonal antibody developed in our laboratory. Experiments were carried out using V. parahaemolyticus cells in pure and mixed bacteria culture suspensions in either artificial or natural seawater.

Virion stability is important for the circulative transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus by Bemisia tabaci, but virion access to salivary glands does not guarantee transmissibility.

The capsid protein (CP) of the monopartite begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV), family Geminiviridae, is indispensable for plant infection and vector transmission. A region between amino acids 129 and 152 is critical for virion assembly and insect transmissibility. Two previously described mutants, one with a double Q129P Q134H mutation (PNHD) and another with a further D152E change (PNHE), were found nontransmissible (NT).

Bacterial cell monitoring in wastewater treatment plants by flow cytometry.

The activated sludge process is performed by a variable and mixed community of microorganisms in an aerobic aquatic environment, in which bacteria constitute the majority and represent the main microorganisms responsible for the degradation process in a plant. In this work, we monitored bacterial charge in different wastewater treatment plants by flow cytometry, also evaluating chlorination effects on bacterial viability, both by flow cytometry and traditional plate counts. Maximum values of bacterial charge were registered in the aeration tank of all plants monitored.

State transitions of Vibrio parahaemolyticus VBNC cells evaluated by flow cytometry.

Background: Vibrio parahaemolyticus, in response to environmental conditions, may be present in a viable but nonculturable state (VBNC), which can still be responsible for cases of infectious diseases in humans.

Methods: The characterization of the cellular states of V. parahaemolyticus during entry into, persistence in, and resuscitation from the VBNC state, was assessed through plate culture method and epifluorescence microscope evaluation of actively respiring cells.

Evaluating the flow-cytometric nucleic acid double-staining protocol in realistic situations of planktonic bacterial death.

Since heterotrophic prokaryotes play an important biogeochemical role in aquatic ecosystems and have a high capacity to survive in extreme environments, easy-to-perform protocols that probe their physiological states and the effects of environmental variables on those states are highly desired. Some methodologies combine a general nucleic acid stain with a membrane integrity probe. We calibrated one of these, the nucleic acid double-staining (NADS) protocol (G.

Comparison of disruption procedures for enumeration of activated sludge floc bacteria by flow cytometry.

Background: In a wastewater treatment plant, the degradation process is performed by a variable and mixed community of microorganisms in an aerobic aquatic environment. The activated-sludge process is based on the formation of strong microbial flocs where many bacteria are attached to sludge flocs.

Methods: Cytometric analysis requires an homogeneous cell suspension and so detachment of bacteria from flocs is required.

Determination of the viability of Aeromonas hydrophila in different types of water by flow cytometry, and comparison with classical methods.

The presence of Aeromonas spp. in water can represent a risk for human health. Therefore, it is important to know the physiological status of these bacteria and their survival in the environment.

Effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) on Mytilus haemocytes: role of stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs).

Background Information: Many studies indicate that innate immunity in invertebrates can be modulated by a cytokine network like in vertebrates. In molluscs, the immune response is carried out by circulating haemocytes and soluble haemolymph factors. In the present study, the effects of heterologous TNFalpha (tumour necrosis factor alpha) on cell signalling and function in the haemocytes of the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.