A combined model based on lung CT imaging and clinical characteristics for the diagnosis of AIDS with infection of Talaromyces marneffei.

Objective: To construct a combined model based on the CT and clinical characteristics of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with infection of Talaromyces marneffei (TM) and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the combined model.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 225 patients with AIDS patients with pulmonary infection admitted to the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from February 2012 to October 2022. Based on the final microbiological test results, they were divided into a group infected with TM and a group not infected with TM.

Analysis of intracranial lesions in patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.

Background: Intracranial imaging abnormalities are commonly observed in patients suffering from HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis, both before and during the treatment period. This study aims to analyze the prevalence, origins, radiological characteristics, treatments, and prognosis of intracranial lesions in patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis, thereby providing references for future clinical decision-making.

Methods: The clinical data of patients diagnosed with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis and admitted to the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre between 2013 and 2019 were collected.

Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Potential Biomarkers and Prominent Features in HIV/AIDS Patients Co-Infected with SARS-CoV-2.

The underlying mechanisms and diagnostic biomarkers for the progress of COVID-19 in HIV patients have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the aim is to analyze the metabolomic profiles of HIV/AIDS patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and to identify biomarkers indicative of co-infection. In this study, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of peripheral blood samples collected from 30 HIV/AIDS patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 (pc group) and 30 patients without SARS-CoV-2 (nc group).

Safety and efficacy of lamivudine/dolutegravir vs. bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection in Shanghai, China: a single-centre retrospective study.

Lamivudine plus dolutegravir (3TC/DTG) and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) regimens are commonly used as first-line treatments for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) worldwide. There are limited comparative data on the antiviral activity and safety between these regimens in ART-naive PLWH, particularly in China, where the 3TC/DTG regimen was integrated into first-line therapy in 2021 and gained broader adoption after its inclusion in the National Health Insurance in 2022. This study aims to provide real-world evidence comparing the 3TC/DTG regimen to the B/F/TAF regimen in ART-naive PLWH in China.

Brief communication: efficacy and safety of the dolutegravir/lamivudine dual therapy in antiretroviral treatment-experienced Chinese people living with HIV.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG/3TC) in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-experienced people living with HIV (PLWH). A total of 303 PLWH in Shanghai, China, who switched from triple ART to DTG/3TC between January 2019 and June 2022, with a minimum ART duration of 6 months, were retrospectively enrolled. More than 95% of PLWH maintained viral suppression with no significant changes in CD4 counts 12 months after switching.

Anti-PD-L1 antibody ASC22 in combination with a histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide as a "shock and kill" strategy for ART-free virological control: a phase II single-arm study.

The combination of ASC22, an anti-PD-L1 antibody potentially enhancing HIV-specific immunity and chidamide, a HIV latency reversal agent, may serve as a strategy for antiretroviral therapy-free virological control for HIV. People living with HIV, having achieved virological suppression, were enrolled to receive ASC22 and chidamide treatment in addition to their antiretroviral therapy. Participants were monitored over 24 weeks to measure changes in viral dynamics and the function of HIV-specific CD8 T cells (NCT05129189).

HIV-MTB Co-Infection Reduces CD4+ T Cells and Affects Granuloma Integrity.

Granuloma is a crucial pathological feature of tuberculosis (TB). The relationship between CD4+ T cells in both peripheral blood and granulomatous tissue, and the integrity of granulomas in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-MTB co-infection, remains unexplored. This study collected biopsy specimens from 102 TB patients (53 with HIV-MTB co-infection and 49 only with TB).

Trends in Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Outcomes of Patients with HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis in Shanghai, China, 2013-2023.

The study aimed to analyze changes in the clinical and epidemiological aspects of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) patients and to identify factors influencing their prognosis. Clinical data of patients with HIV-associated CM treated in Shanghai, China between 2013 and 2023 were collected. This study included 279 cases, 2.

Prevalence and associated factors of low bone mineral density in people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study.

Unlabelled: This study examined low bone mineral density (BMD) prevalence and associated factors among Chinese people living with HIV (PLWH), uncovering a persistent high BMD risk in older individuals, even after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI). Notably, lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) therapy was linked to reduced BMD, highlighting the imperative need for regular BMD monitoring and interventions in older PLWH.

Purpose: HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been shown to contribute to lower BMD, resulting in an increased susceptibility to osteopenia and osteoporosis.

Trends in and Risk Factors for Drug Resistance in in HIV-Infected Patients.

Trends in and risk factors for drug resistance in () in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with active tuberculosis were analyzed. The clinical data of and HIV-coinfected patients treated at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center between 2010 and 2022 were collected. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by solid or liquid culture.

Elevated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity is associated with endothelial dysfunction in people living with HIV and ROS production in human aortic endothelial cells in vitro.

The precise role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among people living with HIV (PLWH) is still under debate, despite recognized links. This study aimed to investigate the impact of elevated IDO activity on endothelial dysfunction in PLWH. A total of 38 PLWH, who had not previously received anti-retroviral therapy (ART), were enrolled in the study.

Zanubrutinib, lenalidomide, and rituximab (ZR2 regimen) for HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a real-world analysis from China.

Seven patients with HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (HIV-DLBCL) who did not derive benefit from traditional first-line or second-line chemotherapy were all eventually treated with zanubrutinib, rituximab, and lenalidomide (the ZR2 regimen). Three patients had a complete response, three had a partial response, and one showed stable disease. The complete response rate was 42.

Thalidomide for Recurrence of Symptoms following HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis.

Introduction: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a serious and fatal fungal infection that affects individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite treatment, recurrence of symptoms is common and could lead to poor outcomes. Corticosteroids are not always useful in treating symptom recurrence following HIV/CM; thus, alternative therapy is needed.

Adipose-derived stem cells show hepatic differentiation potential and therapeutic effect in rats with acute liver failure.

Hepatocyte transplantation contributes to the repair of liver damage, but hepatocyte resources are limited, making it difficult for this to become a routine treatment. Previous studies have confirmed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be induced to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) by adding different cytokine combinations , and they then play some roles of hepatocytes. Our previous studies found that the differentiation ability of stem cells is closely related to the origin of the tissue.

Multi-dimensional mismatch and barriers for promoting PrEP among men who have sex with men in China: a cross sectional survey from the Demand-side.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) is a key population for preventing HIV in China, yet pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is not widely accepted in this population. The objective of this manuscript was to assessed the barriers in the acknowledgement and uptake focusing the demand side.

Methods: An online questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2018 to January 2019.

Efficacy and safety of Paxlovid in severe adult patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection: a multicenter randomized controlled study.

Background: Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (Paxlovid) reduced the risk of hospitalization or death by 89% in high-risk, ambulatory adults with COVID-19. We aimed at studying the efficacy and safety of Paxlovid in hospitalized adult patients with SARS-Cov-2 (Omicron BA.2.

Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir therapy and COVID-19 vaccination improve clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection.

To evaluate the effect of Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir therapy and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination on clinical outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron infection, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 762 adult patients with confirmed Omicron BA2.2 variant infection, of them 488 patients received standard therapy and 274 patients received Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir therapy. Subjects were matched by propensity score matching using R language, the baseline factors were balanced by the nearest-neighbor matching method and were compared, together with the factors including progression to severe/critical disease, viral clearance time, length of hospital stay, and virological rebound of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Efficacy of Efavirenz-Based Regimen in Antiretroviral-Naïve Patients with HIV-1 V179D/E Mutations in Shanghai, China.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HIV-1 mutation V179D/E and the effect of V179D/E on the virological response to first-line efavirenz-based regimens among antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve patients.

Methods: An ambispective cohort study was conducted. All ART-naïve patients who underwent baseline genotypic resistance testing between January 2019 and November 2021 were included in the analysis of the prevalence of the V179D/E mutation.

Effects of rifampicin, and polymorphisms on efavirenz plasma concentration in Chinese patients living with HIV and tuberculosis.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading opportunistic infection of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 () are involved in the metabolism and transportation of efavirenz. The study was aimed to investigate the effects of rifampicin, and polymorphisms on efavirenz exposure in Chinese PLWH co-infected with TB.

Utility of urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in diagnosing mycobacteria infection among hospitalized HIV-positive patients.

Objectives: Cross-reactivity with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species might limit the use of urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) in people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to investigate the utility of the LAM test among hospitalized HIV-positive patients.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled HIV-positive inpatients with any TB symptom or seriously ill patients with advanced immunodeficiency.