Sea level since the Last Glacial Maximum from the Atlantic coast of Africa.

Constraining sea level at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is spatially restricted to a few locations. Here, we reconstruct relative sea-level (RSL) changes along the Atlantic coast of Africa for the last ~30 ka BP using 347 quality-controlled sea-level datapoints. Data from the continental shelves of Guinea Conakry and Cameroon indicate a progressive lowering of RSL during the LGM from -99.

Histone lactylation regulates PRKN-Mediated mitophagy to promote M2 Macrophage polarization in bladder cancer.

Background: Bladder cancer (BCa), particularly muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), is associated with poor prognosis, partly because of immune evasion driven by M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of M2 macrophage polarization via PRKN-mediated mitophagy and histone lactylation (H3K18la) is crucial for improving treatment strategies.

Methods: A single-cell atlas from 46 human BCa samples was constructed to identify macrophage subpopulations.

Vertical land motion is underestimated in sea-level projections from the Oka estuary, northern Spain.

Coastal populations are susceptible to relative sea-level (RSL) rise and accurate local projections are necessary for coastal adaptation. Local RSL rise may deviate from global mean sea-level rise because of processes such as geoid change, glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), and vertical land motion (VLM). Amongst all factors, the VLM is often inadequately estimated.

The signature of extracellular vesicles in hypoxic breast cancer and their therapeutic engineering.

Breast cancer (BC) currently ranks second in the global cancer incidence rate. Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in BC. Under hypoxic conditions, cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) secrete numerous extracellular vesicles (EVs) to achieve intercellular communication and alter the metabolism of primary and metastatic tumors that shape the TME.

Late Holocene relative sea-level records from coral microatolls in Singapore.

Late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) data are important to understand the drivers of RSL change, but there is a lack of precise RSL records from the Sunda Shelf. Here, we produced a Late Holocene RSL reconstruction from coral microatolls in Singapore, demonstrating for the first time the utility of Diploastrea heliopora microatolls as sea-level indicators. We produced 12 sea-level index points and three marine limiting data with a precision of < ± 0.

Multiomics analysis of metabolic heterogeneity in cervical cancer cell lines with or without HPV.

Metabolomics analysis revealed the metabolic heterogeneity of cervical cancer (CC) cell lines C33A and CaSki, and their molecular mechanisms were explored. Using the modified Bligh-Dyer method, the endogenous metabolites of C33A and CaSki cells were divided into polar and nonpolar fractions. The metabolites were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS).

Role of exosomes in the development of the immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Despite numerous improved treatment methods used in recent years, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a disease with a high mortality rate. Many recent studies have shown that immunotherapy has great potential for cancer treatment. Exosomes play a significant role in negatively regulating the immune system in HCC.

Prehistoric human migration between Sundaland and South Asia was driven by sea-level rise.

Rapid sea-level rise between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the mid-Holocene transformed the Southeast Asian coastal landscape, but the impact on human demography remains unclear. Here, we create a paleogeographic map, focusing on sea-level changes during the period spanning the LGM to the present-day and infer the human population history in Southeast and South Asia using 763 high-coverage whole-genome sequencing datasets from 59 ethnic groups. We show that sea-level rise, in particular meltwater pulses 1 A (MWP1A, ~14,500-14,000 years ago) and 1B (MWP1B, ~11,500-11,000 years ago), reduced land area by over 50% since the LGM, resulting in segregation of local human populations.

Glacial isostatic adjustment: physical models and observational constraints.

By far the most prescient insights into the interior structure of the planet have been provided on the basis of elastic wave seismology. Analysis of the travel times of shear or compression wave phases excited by individual earthquakes, or through analysis of the elastic gravitational free oscillations that individual earthquakes of sufficiently large magnitude may excite, has been the central focus of Earth physics research for more than a century. Unfortunately, data provide no information that is directly relevant to understanding the solid state 'flow' of the polycrystalline outer 'mantle' shell of the planet that is involved in the thermally driven convective circulation that is responsible for powering the 'drift' of the continents and which controls the rate of planetary cooling on long timescales.