Publications by authors named "Tang WenTao"
Fourier-space Monte Carlo simulations of two-dimensional nematic liquid crystals.
J Chem Phys
November 2024
Article Synopsis
- Thermal fluctuations in mesoscopic systems, particularly nematic liquid crystals (LCs), significantly affect properties like light scattering and the movement of defects and particles.
- The new Fourier-space Monte Carlo (FSMC) method enhances modeling of these thermal fluctuations by sampling director field distortions in Fourier space, improving on traditional methods that perturb the director locally.
- The effectiveness of the FSMC method is demonstrated through studies of defect dynamics in two-dimensional LCs and verification with three-dimensional simulations, offering a powerful tool for understanding thermal behavior in liquid crystals and related materials.
Article Synopsis
- Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is a significant viral disease affecting the poultry industry, and this study focuses on the isolation of a strain of FAdV-8b from infected ducks.
- The research involved inoculating Cherry Valley ducks with the virus and monitoring clinical signs, organ damage, and immune responses over 15 days, revealing severe liver and kidney lesions as well as variations in cytokine levels over time.
- The findings enhance our understanding of FAdV-8b's pathogenicity, providing a framework for future antiviral drug and vaccine development to combat IBH in poultry.
Topology-driven collective dynamics of nematic colloidal entanglement.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2024
Article Synopsis
- Entanglement in soft matter systems is achieved through entangled disclination lines created by colloidal particles in nematic liquid crystals, presenting a new way to study interactions at equilibrium.
- Researchers used experiments and simulations to manipulate these disclination lines, showing that changes in their topology can lead to phenomena like chirality conversion and collective rotation of colloidal particles.
- This approach allows for the programming of colloidal entanglement patterns, enabling the construction of complex structures like double-helix formations, opening doors for the development of smart materials and micromachines.
Article Synopsis
- Duck circovirus (DuCV) is a major virus affecting the duck industry in China, causing immunosuppression and secondary infections, often seen alongside novel goose parvovirus (NGPV), which causes developmental issues in ducks.
- Mixed infections of DuCV and NGPV have increased in prevalence, leading to more severe clinical symptoms and tissue damage than infections with either virus alone.
- A study on SPF ducks revealed that co-infection enhances viral replication and causes greater immunosuppression, necessitating further research on the mechanisms of such co-infections and their implications.
Article Synopsis
- In spring 2023, a broiler duck farm in Shandong, China, experienced a severe outbreak of a disease in chicks 10 to 21 days old, leading to symptoms like head and neck swelling, difficulty walking, and significant organ hemorrhaging, ultimately resulting in the culling of over 20,000 ducklings.
- The study identified a highly virulent strain of duck plague virus (SD423) through tissue analysis and successful isolation methods, which confirmed its pathogenicity in younger ducklings, contradicting previous beliefs that natural infections mainly occurred in older ducks.
- Genetic analysis showed that the new strain exhibited over 99% homology with a known Chinese virulent strain, pointing to its potential threat and establishing a foundation for
Article Synopsis
- Anaerobic digestion (AD) converts organic materials into biogas but can be disrupted by nutrient imbalances.
- A study investigated how different nutrient conditions affect AD operation, finding that low C/N ratios lead to the buildup of volatile fatty acids (VFA), which inhibit methane production.
- Adjusting nutrient ratios and managing ammonia levels can stabilize the digestion process and improve methane yield, while a balanced microbial community enhances overall system stability.
Article Synopsis
- A new protocol was created for synthesizing α-amino-vinylphosphine oxides using a reaction between alkyl nitriles and phosphine oxides.
- The reaction is efficiently catalyzed by a combination of manganese acetate (Mn(OAc), a Lewis acid) and guanidine (a Lewis base).
- This method allows for various alkyl nitriles and phosphine oxides to be used, achieving product yields of up to 95% under mild conditions, and it is suitable for gram-scale production.
Article Synopsis
- COPD is a major health concern marked by long-term airflow limitation and the study aimed to analyze the link between serum galectin-3 levels and COPD, as well as its acute exacerbations.
- The meta-analysis included twelve case-control studies, revealing that patients with COPD had significantly elevated serum galectin-3 levels compared to healthy controls, indicating a potential biomarker for the disease.
- Additionally, serum galectin-3 levels were found to be even higher in patients experiencing acute episodes of COPD compared to those with stable conditions, emphasizing its role in disease progression and exacerbation.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to create a predictive scoring model based on MRI features to identify the conversion success rate (CSR) for patients with initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).
- A total of 155 patients were analyzed; the model, called mrNISE, included factors like the number of tumors and their size, and showed good predictive accuracy in both development and validation groups.
- Patients identified with a high CSR using this scoring model experienced better progression-free survival and overall survival, suggesting that this tool could help tailor treatment plans and improve outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- CDK9 is an important enzyme involved in gene transcription, cell regulation, DNA repair, and differentiation, making it a target for cancer treatments, particularly for leukemia and lymphoma.
- Current small molecule inhibitors of CDK9 show promise in clinical trials but often struggle with effectiveness and side effects, suggesting a need for new strategies.
- This text reviews the different types of CDK9 inhibitors, including their chemical structures, biological functions, and potential therapeutic uses, providing a well-rounded perspective on the developments in this area.
Article Synopsis
- Homovanillic acid (HVA) is an important biomarker for monitoring dopamine-related diseases in the central nervous system, but its measurement in blood is challenging due to interference from similar compounds.
- Researchers have developed a selective implantable electrochemical fiber sensor using a molecularly imprinted polymer, which can accurately detect HVA levels with a response that is significantly stronger compared to other catecholamines, achieving 97.8% accuracy.
- This innovative sensor, when tested in rats, successfully reflected real-time changes in blood HVA and correlated with dopamine fluctuations in the brain, offering a potential strategy to enhance sensor selectivity in biomedical applications.
Article Synopsis
- Recent advances in surface-patterning techniques have allowed for the precise creation of topological defects in liquid crystals, opening doors to various new applications.
- By utilizing the moiré effect and experimenting with periodic surface patterns, researchers can create diverse and tunable topological defects that influence the behavior of colloids, preventing defect self-annihilation through jamming.
- This simple twist method provides a pathway for designing and tuning complex structures in liquid crystals, which could lead to innovations in areas like self-assembly, material transport, micro-reactors, photonic devices, and anti-counterfeiting solutions.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound activated the anti-tumor immunity by irradiating the spleen of mice in 4 T-1 breast cancer.
Cancer Immunol Immunother
February 2024
Article Synopsis
- Tumor immunotherapy is gaining momentum, but improving the activation of the immune system and overcoming immunosuppression is still essential.
- Research shows that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) can stimulate the immune system and reverse immunosuppression in breast cancer mouse models by targeting the spleen.
- LIPUS treatment not only inhibited tumor growth and improved survival rates but also enhanced T cell activation and altered immune signaling, leading to a more favorable immune environment within tumors.
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed the relationship between various dietary factors and the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using data from 119,040 participants without T2DM at the start.
- A total of 10 out of 225 dietary factors, such as alcohol, red wine, and fresh tomatoes, were found to decrease T2DM risk, while sliced buttered bread increased risk.
- Certain nutrients also showed significant associations, with iron offering protective effects against T2DM and starch being linked to higher risk, highlighting the potential of diet-wide association studies (DWAS) for future dietary recommendations.
Sulfur bacteria-reinforced microbial electrochemical denitrification.
Bioresour Technol
February 2024
Article Synopsis
- The study compares two types of inoculums, autotrophic denitrifying inoculum (ADI) and heterotrophic denitrifying inoculum (HDI), used in microbial electrochemical denitrification (MED) systems.
- ADI demonstrated electroactivity in half the time of HDI and had a 42% higher denitrification efficiency.
- The microbial communities in the biocathodes indicated different mechanisms for MED, with HDI relying on interspecies electron transfer and ADI using electrons directly from the cathode, suggesting that ADI may enhance the overall performance of MED.
Article Synopsis
- PDE1 is an enzyme that breaks down important signaling molecules (cAMP and cGMP) that regulate various metabolic functions, including ion channels and cell death.
- Recent advances in drug design have led to the development of new PDE1 inhibitors (PDE1i) with improved selectivity and effectiveness, like ITI-214, which is currently in Phase II trials for Parkinson's disease and heart failure.
- Despite the promise of these inhibitors, many have shown significant side effects during trials due to their lack of selectivity, creating challenges in developing targeted PDE1 therapies.
With the essential role of lipid transporting signaling in cancer-related immunity, apolipoprotein L3 (APOL3), a member of the apolipoprotein L gene family, demonstrated significant modulation ability in immunity. However, the expression profile and critical role of APOL3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of APOL3 expression and its biological predictive value in CRC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Rolling Bearing Fault Feature Extraction Algorithm Based on IPOA-VMD and MOMEDA.
Sensors (Basel)
October 2023
Article Synopsis
- A new algorithm combining improved pelican optimization (IPOA) and variable modal decomposition (VMD) is introduced to effectively extract fault features from rolling bearing signals that are overwhelmed by background noise.
- The IPOA enhances optimization performance through a reverse learning strategy and is verified through various tests.
- The method utilizes kurtosis-square envelope Gini coefficient to select optimal modal components for further processing with multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjustment (MOMEDA) and employs the Teager energy operator for analyzing the enhanced signals, demonstrating success in accurately identifying fault characteristics amidst noise.
PANI-Coated VO Nanobelts with Core-Shell Architecture for Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitor.
Micromachines (Basel)
September 2023
Article Synopsis
- VO is a promising pseudocapacitor material due to its mixed valence states, but challenges like high internal resistance and low energy density limit its use.
- The study developed a two-dimensional PANI@VO nanobelt with a core-shell structure, resulting in improved conductivity and specific capacitance, as well as excellent cycling performance after multiple charge-discharge cycles.
- The innovative design led to a flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor, achieving impressive energy and power density, and successfully powering a hygrothermograph, showcasing its potential for portable and wearable devices.
Article Synopsis
- Granular sludge (GS) outperforms flocs in removing antibiotics due to its unique structure and rich materials, but prolonged antibiotic exposure can compromise its effectiveness.
- In a study, GS showed significantly better removal efficiency for sulfadiazine (SDZ) in seawater (85.6%) compared to freshwater (57.6%), attributed to enhanced ion interactions and improved adsorption performance.
- The presence of diverse microbes and additional biodegradation pathways in seawater, including specific bacteria with antibiotic-degrading genes, further strengthened GS's ability to break down antibiotics.
Article Synopsis
- The rise of the Internet of Things has led to an increasing demand for smaller, more flexible supercapacitors, and utilizing screen printing technology presents promising opportunities for their production.
- A novel method to create hierarchical VO with a rod-like shape was developed, allowing for the formulation of screen-printable inks that show strong performance characteristics, including high specific capacitance and excellent cycle stability.
- The resulting flexible symmetric supercapacitor demonstrated impressive energy storage capabilities, voltage stability, and durability, indicating its potential for practical applications in power supply.
Article Synopsis
- The article DOI: 10.7150/jca.35380 has been identified with inaccuracies that necessitated a correction.
- The corrections aim to clarify the findings and ensure the information presented is accurate for readers.
- This update is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the published research and aiding in proper citation.
Background: The type of liver resection (anatomical resection, AR or non-anatomical resection, NAR) for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is subject to debate. The debate may persist because some prognostic factors, associated with aggressive tumor biological behavior, have been overlooked.
Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients who would benefit more from anatomical resection for CRLM.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to determine if pre-surgical chemotherapy (before primary tumor resection) could enhance progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with asymptomatic colorectal liver-limited metastases (CRLMs).
- Patients were divided into two groups: one receiving pre-PTR chemotherapy and the other undergoing immediate surgery; results showed that the chemotherapy group had a median PFS of 10.5 months compared to 9.1 months for the surgery-first group.
- While the chemotherapy group showed better disease control rates (DCR) and median PFS, other outcomes like overall survival and surgical complications did not significantly differ between the two approaches.