Mechanism of PI3K/Akt‑mediated mitochondrial pathway in obesity‑induced apoptosis (Review).

Obesity is a pervasive global health challenge that substantially reduces the quality of life of millions of individuals and impedes social and economic advancement. Obesity is an independent risk factor that contributes to a range of chronic non-communicable metabolic diseases, significantly affecting energy metabolism, mental health, cancer susceptibility, sleep quality, and other physiological processes. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, a significant glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism regulator, is integral to cellular growth, survival, and apoptosis.

Maintenance of flower color dimorphism in (Rubiaceae): responses to fluctuating temperatures in a dolomite Karst region.

Introduction: Flower color polymorphism is often attributed to selection pressures from Q9 pollinators or other non-pollinator stress factors. Generally, flower color polymorphism demonstrates effective acclimatization linked to either pollinator-mediated selection or pleiotropic effects.

Methods: To test these hypotheses in Ophiorrhiza japonica, we compared pollinator visitation frequencies and plant traits between pink and white morphs in Shibing, a dolomite Karst region recognized as a World Natural Heritage Site.

Cancer-specific innate and adaptive immune rewiring drives resistance to PD-1 blockade in classic Hodgkin lymphoma.

Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), like many solid tumors, elicit ineffective immune responses. However, patients with cHL are highly responsive to PD-1 blockade, which largely depends on HRS cell-specific retention of MHC class II and implicates CD4 T cells and additional MHC class I-independent immune effectors. Here, we utilize single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial analysis to define shared circulating and microenvironmental features of the immune response to PD-1 blockade in cHL.

Association of dietary inflammatory index and systemic inflammatory markers with mortality risk in depressed adults: a mediation analysis of NHANES data.

Background: Previous research has linked systemic inflammatory markers and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with depression. However, the relationship between DII and these markers, and their impact on mortality risk among depressed adults, remains underexplored. This study aims to explore the association between DII and systemic inflammatory markers and their mediating effect on mortality risk in adults with depression.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Regorafenib in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Background And Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a significant challenge due to its heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. Regorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, can inhibit tumor progression through multiple mechanisms, thereby improving patient prognosis.

Rhizophagus irregularis regulates RiCPSI and RiCARI expression to influence plant drought tolerance.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can transfer inorganic nitrogen (N) from the soil to host plants to cope with drought stress, with arginine synthesis and NH4+ transport being pivotal processes. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying these processes remains unclear. Here, we found that drought stress upregulated expression of genes involved in the N transfer pathway and putrescine and glutathione synthesis in the mycorrhizal structures of Rhizophagus irregularis within alfalfa (Medicago sativa) roots, i.

Improving OFDR sensing performance based on SEFR in both reference and measurement stages.

In addition to laser frequency sweep nonlinearity, sensing point misalignment caused by a random laser frequency sweep range (LFSR) is a key factor limiting the sensing performance of the optical frequency domain reflectometer (OFDR). Here we propose a synchronous equal frequency resampling (SEFR) method for the first time to our knowledge to simultaneously compensate both the random LFSR and sweep nonlinearity. A new linear frequency sequence has been constructed to perform signal resampling of both the reference and measurement stages, which eliminates the sensing point misalignment and nonlinear frequency interval at the same time.

A high-speed method for computing reachable sets based on variable-size grid.

In this paper, we improve the dynamic programming based reachable set computation method by replacing the constant size grid in the original method with a variable size grid. With this improvement, the computational time consumption can be significantly reduced while maintaining the accuracy. The proposed method represents the reachable set as a sublevel set of a discount cost-to-go function, which is generated by dynamic programming.

Implementation and evaluation of the three action teaching model with learning plan guidance in preventive medicine course.

Background: Toward the close of the 20th century, Chinese scholars introduced a novel pedagogical approach to education in China, distinguished by its divergence from conventional teaching methods. This instructional strategy assumes a pivotal role in imparting indispensable medical knowledge to students within a meticulously structured and all-encompassing framework.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a novel teaching approach that integrates the three action teaching model with learning plan guidance within a preventive medicine course.

Optically-reconfigurable integrated optical directed logic computing based on silicon photonics.

Optical directed logic, as a novel logical operation scheme, harmoniously combines the benefits of optical and electrical signals, surpassing traditional electrical and all-optical logic operations in terms of the flexibility and power consumption. Its potential in high-speed optical signal processing and electro-optical computing is immense. However, achieving tunability of the logic function normally relies on external electrical tuning or multiple laser sources, which often results in excessive power consumption and costs.

Mixed event separation and identification based on a convolutional neural network trained with the domain transfer method for a φ-OTDR sensing system.

In phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (φ-OTDR) based distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), correct identification of event types is challenging in complex environments where multiple events happen simultaneously. In this study, we have proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a separation module and an identification module to simultaneously separate a mixed event into individual single-event components and identify each type of component contained in the mixed event. The domain transfer method is used in the training, fine-tuning, and testing of the proposed CNN, which saves 94% of the workload for massive DAS data collection and signal demodulation.

Cross-disease drug discovery based on bioinformatics and virtual screening: Study of key genes in Alzheimer's disease and ovarian cancer.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer, both age-related diseases, are characterized by abnormal cellular behavior. Epidemiological data indicate an inverse relationship between AD and various cancers. Accordingly, this study seeks to analyze the negatively correlated genes between AD and ovarian cancer and identify closely related compounds through virtual screening technology to explore potential therapeutic drugs.

hnRNPA2B1 deacetylation by SIRT6 restrains local transcription and safeguards genome stability.

Repair of double strand breaks (DSBs) by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is vital for ensuring genome integrity. DSB repair is accompanied by local transcriptional repression in the vicinity of transcriptionally active genes, but the mechanism by which RBPs regulate transcriptional regulation is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that RBP hnRNPA2B1 functions as a RNA polymerase-associated factor that stabilizes the transcription complex under physiological conditions.

India-Eurasia convergence speed-up by passive-margin sediment subduction.

The fast increase of convergence rate between India and Eurasia around 65 million years ago (Ma)-from approximately 8 cm yr to a peak rate of approximately 18 cm yr-remains a complex geological event to explain, given the inherent uncertainty surrounding the tectonic history and the intricate interplay of forces influencing plate speed. Here we use a combination of geochemical analysis and geodynamic modelling to propose that this rapid convergence can be explained by sediment subduction derived from the northern Indian passive margin. Through isotope and trace element analysis, we find an enhanced contribution of terrigenous sediment melt to the mantle source of the Gangdese magmatic rocks around 65 Ma, concurrent with the acceleration of India-Eurasia convergence.

Metal ion formulations for diabetic wound healing: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Metals are vital in human physiology, which not only act as enzyme catalysts in the processes of superoxide dismutase and glucose phosphorylation, but also affect the redox process, osmotic adjustment, metabolism and neural signals. However, metal imbalances can lead to diseases such as diabetes, which is marked by chronic hyperglycemia and affects wound healing. The hyperglycemic milieu of diabetes impairs wound healing, posing significant challenges to patient quality of life.

Climate change favors expansion of three species in China.

has become one of the most widely planted species in tropical and subtropical regions in China, with important economic, ecological, and social values. However, it is currently unclear how climate change will affect different species. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the potential distribution and dynamics of under current and future climate scenarios.

Effect of mitochondrial translocator protein TSPO on LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction.

Introduction: Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction is one of the most serious complications of sepsis. The mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO), a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, is widely used as a diagnostic marker of inflammation-related diseases and can also lead to the release of inflammatory components. However, whether TSPO has a therapeutic effect on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction is unclear.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter carbon metabolism and invertase genes expressions of Populus simonii × P. nigra under drought stress.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in regulating the allocation of carbon between source and sink tissues in plants and in regulating their stress responses by changing the sucrose biosynthesis, transportation, and catabolism in plants. Invertase, a key enzyme for plant development, participates in the response of plants to drought stress by regulating sucrose metabolism. However, the detailed mechanisms by which INV genes respond to drought stress in mycorrhizal plants remain unclear.