Challenging Vavřička: Questioning Compatibility of the Mandatory Tetanus Vaccination with ECHR.

The compatibility of mandatory vaccinations with human rights has become a very current issue with the COVID-19 pandemic and the Vavřička ruling by the European Court of Human Rights. This ruling has faced criticism for not conducting examinations related to disease and vaccines based on direct scientific evidence. In this analysis, an assessment will be made based on direct scientific evidence about tetanus and its vaccine.

SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN PATIENT WITH NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE TYPE B AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

Niemann-Pick disease (NPD), is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder. Niemann-Pick A and B are caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase-1 (SMPD1) gene on chromosome 11p15. Type B is panethnic, although its frequency is increased in Turkish, Arabic and North African populations.

[The Relationship of Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum Intestinal Colonization with Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study Performed with Colon Biopsies].

In recent years, it has been shown that some bacteria may be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, it was aimed to investigate the role of Fusobacterium nucleatum and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) in the etiology of CRC by comparing the amounts of these bacteria in colon biopsy tissues of patients with CRC and healthy individuals. The amounts of F.

Similar bacterial signatures in the gut microbiota of type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients and its association with G protein-coupled receptor 41 and 43 gene expression.

Purpose: There are conflicting reports regarding the abundance of short-chain fatty acids producing bacteria in the gut microbiota in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We aimed to determine the amount of , and in the gut microbiota in patients with type1 and type2 diabetes, compared with the healthy controls and analyze the correlation between the gene expression levels of two hort-chain fatty acids receptors and

Methods: Forty type 1, 40 type 2 stool and blood samples of diabetes patients, and 40 healthy control samples were studied. DNA and RNA were extracted, and bacteria were detected using a Microbial DNA qPCR Assay kit.

Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio in the Gut Microbiota and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 Gene Expressions in Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiota and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5 gene expression levels in the blood of adult type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and compare it with that of adult nondiabetic healthy controls (HC).

Methods: Between May 2016 and April 2017, 99 T2D patients and 99 HCs were enrolled in the study. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes levels were assessed from stool sample DNA and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 gene expression levels assesed from blood sample RNA via qPCR from both T2D patients and healthy controls.

Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes levels in gut microbiota and effects of hosts TLR2/TLR4 gene expression levels in adult type 1 diabetes patients in Istanbul, Turkey.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine and compare the levels of both Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the gut microbiota and TLR2/TLR4 gene expression in the blood of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and healthy individuals. These results may serve as a preliminary assessment to guide future research.

Method: Between January and October 2014, stool and blood samples were collected from 53 adult T1DM patients and 53 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals.

Role of Alvarado score and biological indicators of C-reactive protein, procalicitonin and neopterin in diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Background: The determination of a definitive preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) remains a challenge; however, delays in diagnosis increase complication rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the Alvarado score (AS) alone and the AS combined with the use of the biological indicators of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and neopterin (NP) in the diagnosis.

Methods: Serum was collected from 100 patients who were admitted to the general surgery clinic of Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty between March 4, 2014 and July 29, 2015 with the pre-diagnosis of AA and who agreed to take part in the study.

A Retrospective Analysis of Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated in 236 Cases of Pleural Empyema and their Prevalance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Turkey.

Background: Parapneumonic effusions usually occur secondary to an infection and produce pus (empyema) that accumulates in the pleural space. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anerobes in patients with empyema and to assess their resistance patterns for seven antimicrobials.

Methods: Pleural fluid specimens from 236 patients were inoculated on Schaedler agar.

Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Carriage in Young Healthy Children After Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Turkey.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy children aged 0-6 years who were vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 healthy Turkish children between 1 month and 6 years of age. Serotyping was performed and risk factors of carriage were evaluated.

The protective role of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein in childhood asthma.

Background: Helicobacter pylori quantity and HP-NAP gene expression were evaluated in the faeces of healthy and asthmatic children.

Methods: H. pylori DNAs and RNAs were isolated from the stool samples of 92 asthmatic children (AC; 3-8 years) and 88 healthy controls (HC).

Evaluation of Adenovirus-36 (Ad-36) antibody seropositivity and adipokine levels in obese children.

Adenovirus 36 (Ad-36) has recently been suggested as a possible contributor to the current obesity epidemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Ad-36 antibodies in obese children, as well as investigate the role of serum leptin and lipid levels in Ad-36-obesity. Seventy-one obese children and 62 non-obese children were included as the patient group (PG), including the healthy control group (HCG), respectively.

Therapeutic value of trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of isolated genital warts on the external female genitalia.

Objective: To evaluate the value of 85% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated genital warts of the external genitalia and to detect the recurrence rate and side effects of this therapeutic regimen.

Study Design: All patients with a suspected HPV-related papillary vulvar lesion after initial examination underwent vulvoscopic evaluation with a magnification of 8-20x using acetic acid and toluidine blue. Under local anesthesia, biopsies were taken from acuminate or papillary warts for histopathologic confirmation and from suspicious areas to exclude preinvasive or invasive diseases.

The mean platelet volume in gestational diabetes.

Objective: To compare the platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV) values of pregnancies diagnosed with gestational diabetes with those of healthy pregnancies.

Material-method: Between June 2003 and September 2004, 100 healthy pregnancies and 100 pregnancies with gestational diabetes were studied at Gazi University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Results: While no statistically significant difference was observed in the platelet count between the two groups, the MPV of the gestational diabetes group (9.

Susceptibility to some antifungal drugs of vaginal lactobacilli isolated from healthy women.

Samples were taken from the lateral vaginal wall of 19 healthy women. Lactobacilli were isolated from ten of these women. Fifty-eight Lactobacillus isolates were identified as L.

Bone loss rate in the lumbar spine: a comparison between natural and surgically induced menopause.

Objective: To compare the bone loss between natural and surgically induced menopause by dual photon absorbsiometry (DPA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT).

Methods: The study group included 365 women, who were in menopause for at least 6 months. Of all patients, 272 became menopausal naturally and 93 surgically.

Retained Tubocornual Endometrium and the TUMA Procedure.

We performed total uterine mucosal ablation (TUMA), a laparoscopic-assisted alternative to hysteroscopic endometrial ablation, in 10 women (mean age 41.2 yrs, mean parity 3.7) with therapy-resistant dysfunctional uterine bleeding.