Demographics in the context of health-care delivery for C1 and C2 fractures.

Introduction: Atlas and axis fractures are the most severe cervical fractures which may result in complete paralysis or death. The purpose of the current study is to identify disparities regarding length of stay (LOS), mortality, and demographic factors in patients with the most serious cervical spine fractures utilizing a nationally representative database.

Materials And Methods: The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample was utilized to provide a representative sample for patients with a primary diagnosis of C1 or C2 fracture presenting to emergency departments in years from October 2015 to December 2019.

Lack of genetic association of non-melanoma skin cancer and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.

Background: Prior research has shown a positive association of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG) in patients with non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), likely due to an increase in ultraviolet exposure associated with both. However, the role of NMSC as a genetic risk factor for PXG has not been examined. Thus, the goal of this study is to utilize Mendelian randomization with genome-wide association studies to evaluate for genetic causality while controlling for environmental confounders.

A multi-resolution physics-informed recurrent neural network: formulation and application to musculoskeletal systems.

This work presents a multi-resolution physics-informed recurrent neural network (MR PI-RNN), for simultaneous prediction of musculoskeletal (MSK) motion and parameter identification of the MSK systems. The MSK application was selected as the model problem due to its challenging nature in mapping the high-frequency surface electromyography (sEMG) signals to the low-frequency body joint motion controlled by the MSK and muscle contraction dynamics. The proposed method utilizes the fast wavelet transform to decompose the mixed frequency input sEMG and output joint motion signals into nested multi-resolution signals.

Unveiling the evolving landscape of stroke care costs: A time-driven analysis.

Introduction: Stroke is a common cause of mortality in the United States. However, the economic burden of stroke on the healthcare system is not well known. In this study, we aim to calculate the annual cumulative and per-patient cost of stroke.

Qualification of a multiplexed tissue imaging assay and detection of novel patterns of HER2 heterogeneity in breast cancer.

Emerging data suggests that HER2 intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is associated with therapy resistance, highlighting the need for new strategies to assess HER2 ITH. A promising approach is leveraging multiplexed tissue analysis techniques such as cyclic immunofluorescence (CyCIF), which enable visualization and quantification of 10-60 antigens at single-cell resolution from individual tissue sections. In this study, we qualified a breast cancer-specific antibody panel, including HER2, ER, and PR, for multiplexed tissue imaging.

Differential thrombectomy utilization across hospital classifications in the United States.

Objectives: To determine hospital-level factors associated with thrombectomy uptake.

Materials And Methods: The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample was retrospectively queried to determine the total number of thrombectomies performed based on different hospital characteristics. Joint point analysis was used to determine which years were associated with significant increases in the number of high-volume thrombectomy centers (ostensibly defined as >50 thrombectomies/year), thrombectomy-capable centers (>15 thrombectomies/year), and total number of thrombectomies performed.

Investigating the Correlation between Force Output, Strains, and Pressure for Active Skeletal Muscle Contractions.

Experimental observations suggest that the force output of the skeletal muscle tissue can be correlated to the intra-muscular pressure generated by the muscle belly. However, pressure often proves difficult to measure through tests. Simulations on the other hand, offer a tool to model muscle contractions and analyze the relationship between muscle force generation and deformations as well as pressure outputs, enabling us to gain insight into correlations among experimentally measurable quantities such as principal and volumetric strains, and the force output.

Factors Associated with Discharge against Medical Advice among Acute Stroke Patients: Analysis of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample.

Introduction: Patients discharged against medical advice have been shown to have worse outcomes across a host of different conditions. However, risk factors related to increased odds of discharge against medical advice remain understudied in patients who suffer from acute cerebral infarction.

Methods: We retrospectively examined the 2019 National Emergency Department Sample Database for stroke patients.

The validity and applications of the analgesia nociception index: a narrative review.

Pain refers to the subjective, unpleasant experience that is related to illness or injury. In contrast to pain, nociception refers to the physiological neural processing of noxious stimuli, such as intra-operative surgical stimuli. One novel device, the Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI), aims to objectively measure intra-operative nociception by analyzing the heart rate variability in patients undergoing surgery.

Regulatory miRNAs and lncRNAs in Skin Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have a significant regulatory role in the pathogenesis of skin cancer, despite the fact that protein-coding genes have generally been the focus of research efforts in the field. We comment on the actions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the current review with an eye toward potential therapeutic treatments. LncRNAs are remarkably adaptable, acting as scaffolding, guides, or decoys to modify key signaling pathways (i.

Evidence-Based Utility of Adjunct Antioxidant Supplementation for the Prevention and Treatment of Dermatologic Diseases: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.

Skin conditions are a significant cause of fatal and nonfatal disease burdens globally, ranging from mild irritations to debilitating diseases. Oxidative stress, which is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and the cells' ability to repair damage, is implicated in various skin diseases. Antioxidants have been studied for their potential benefits in dermatologic health, but the evidence is limited and conflicting.

Nanoparticle-Based Treatment Approaches for Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Nanoparticles have shown marked promise as both antineoplastic agents and drug carriers. Despite strides made in immunomodulation, low success rates and toxicity remain limitations within the clinical oncology setting. In the present review, we assess advances in drug delivery nanoparticles, for systemic and topical use, in skin cancer treatment.

Dual functional therapeutics: mitigating bacterial infection and associated inflammation.

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance, coupled with the occurrence of persistent systemic infections, has already complicated clinical therapy efforts. Moreover, infections are also accompanied by strong inflammatory responses, generated by the host's innate and adaptive immune systems. The closely intertwined relationship between bacterial infection and inflammation has multiple implications on the ability of antibacterial therapeutics to tackle infection and inflammation.

Real-World Outcomes for Basilar Artery Occlusion Thrombectomy With Mild Deficits: The National Inpatient Sample.

Background: Thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion (BAO) has proven efficacy in patients with moderate-to-severe deficits, but has unclear benefits for those with mild symptoms.

Methods: Using an observational cohort design, the US National Inpatient Sample (2018-2020) was queried for adult patients with basilar artery occlusion and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) <10 for patients treated with thrombectomy versus medical management. The primary outcome of routine discharge (to home or self-care) was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching, adjusted for baseline characteristics, stroke severity, and treatment with thrombolysis.

Complementary and Integrative Medicine for Anxiety in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.

An integrative approach to treating anxiety in children and adolescents takes a biopsychosocial-spiritual approach. Early life stress may translate into anxiety via epigenetic mechanisms, the adoption of maladaptive coping tendencies (poor eating, sedentary lifestyle, substance use), and dysregulation of central autonomic nervous system function. Each of these mechanisms may increase inflammatory markers.

Trends in Volume and Charges of Retinal Tear Patients in the Emergency Department.

Purpose: To characterize retinal tears (RTs) and calculate the economic burden of RTs that present to the emergency department (ED) in the US.

Methods: We used a large national ED database to retrospectively analyze RTs that presented to the ED from 2006 to 2019. Using extrapolation methods, national of the RT patient ED volume, demographics, comorbidities, disposition, inpatient (IP) charges, and ED charges were calculated.

Predictors of inpatient admission likelihood and prolonged length of stay among cerebrovascular disease patients: A nationwide emergency department sample analysis.

Purpose: To examine the hospital- and patient-related factors associated with increased likelihood of inpatient admission and extended hospitalization.

Methods: We applied multivariate logistic regression to a subset of ED hospital and patient characteristics linearly extrapolated from the 2019 National Emergency Department Sample database (n=626,508). Patient characteristics with 10 or fewer ED visits after national extrapolation were not reported in the current study to maintain patient confidentiality, in accordance with the HCUP Data Use Agreement.

Incidence, Characteristics, and Cost of Eyelid Lacerations in the United States from 2006 to 2014.

Introduction: To report the incidence, demographics, and cost of eyelid lacerations (ELs) in the USA.

Methods: The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample is the largest publicly available emergency department database in the US. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis to identify all emergency department (ED) visits in the sample from 2006 to 2014 with a primary or secondary diagnosis of EL.

Incidence and Characteristics of Orbital Hemorrhages in the United States from 2006 to 2018.

Purpose: To determine the incidence, characteristics, and costs associated with orbital hemorrhages presenting to US EDs.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective, longitudinal study of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2006 to 2018. Medical records from patients presenting to participating hospital-owned EDs and diagnosed with primary or secondary orbital hemorrhage were examined to determine incidence, demographics, clinical characteristics, mechanism, disposition and related risk factors, and costs.

Cell-specific regulation of gene expression using splicing-dependent frameshifting.

Precise and reliable cell-specific gene delivery remains technically challenging. Here we report a splicing-based approach for controlling gene expression whereby separate translational reading frames are coupled to the inclusion or exclusion of mutated, frameshifting cell-specific alternative exons. Candidate exons are identified by analyzing thousands of publicly available RNA sequencing datasets and filtering by cell specificity, conservation, and local intron length.