Oral Dydrogesterone Versus Oral Micronized Progesterone in Threatened Miscarriage: Protocol Paper for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Threatened miscarriage is a common complication of early pregnancy characterized by symptoms of vaginal bleeding with/without abdominal cramps/pain in the first trimester. Progestogens are often administered for management of this condition. Presented herein is the protocol of an ongoing, multicentric clinical trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of micronized progesterone (natural progestogen) compared to dydrogesterone (synthetic isomer of progesterone).

Evaluation of BCRP-Related DDIs Between Methotrexate and Cyclosporin A Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling.

Background And Objective: This study provides a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model-based analysis of the potential drug-drug interaction (DDI) between cyclosporin A (CsA), a breast cancer resistance protein transporter (BCRP) inhibitor, and methotrexate (MTX), a putative BCRP substrate.

Methods: PBPK models for CsA and MTX were built using open-source tools and published data for both model building and for model verification and validation. The MTX and CsA PBPK models were evaluated for their application in simulating BCRP-related DDIs.

Assessment of peroneal tendon lesions using 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional isotropic magnetic resonance imaging with surgical correlation.

Accurate diagnoses of peroneal pathologies remains a challenge due to limitations of conventional 2D (dimensional) imaging, which can impact long-term patient outcomes. This study evaluates MRI accuracy and inter-reader reliability of peroneal compartment pathology for 2D and 3D MRI. A consecutive series of patients who underwent peroneal compartment surgery with preoperative 1.

Volumetric analysis of maxillary sinus and assessment of various sinonasal anatomic variants on multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) and their association with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maxillary sinus volume and various sinonasal anatomical variants, as detected by multi-detector computed tomography, and their associations with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Material And Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 103 patients presenting with chronic sinonasal symptoms (cases) and 50 asymptomatic individuals (controls). A 128-slice computed tomography scanner was used to measure maxillary sinus volume and assess anatomical variants, such as a deviated nasal septum (DNS), concha bullosa (CB), and agger nasi cells.

A Comparative Study Between Selective Nerve Root Blocks Versus Caudal Epidural Steroid Injection in the Management of Lumbar Radiculopathy.

Lumbar radiculopathy is one of the most common disorders encountered by a spine surgeon. The condition involves back pain, which may radiate to the lower limbs, and neurological symptoms, which involve a specific nerve root. Caudal epidural steroid injections (CESIs) and selective nerve root blocks (SNRBs) are two of the most common interventions, which are used to control the pain and neurological symptoms associated with chronic lumbar radiculopathy.

Long-term accuracy of the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit risk score: Analysis of the impact of comorbidities on mortality 5 years after emergency laparotomy.

Background: The National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) risk prediction tool has demonstrated superiority in predicting 30-day mortality after emergency laparotomy (EL). The aim of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of NELA in calculating long-term (5 year) mortality and determine factors predicting long-term risk of death after EL.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent EL for any indication other than trauma between May 2012 and June 2017 at a large tertiary and academic teaching center.

Frailty and Long-Term Mortality Following Emergency Laparotomy: A Comparison Between the 11-Item and 5-Item Modified Frailty Indices.

Introduction: Emergency laparotomy (EL) is a high-risk operation which is increasingly performed on an aging patient population. Objective frailty assessment using a validated index has the potential to improve preoperative risk stratification. This study aimed to assess the correlation between frailty and long-term mortality and morbidity outcomes for older EL patients.

Role of Intraoperative Documentation: Avoidable Ulnar Nerve Injury During Implant Removal.

Injuries to the ulnar nerve during open reduction and internal fixation of distal humerus fractures are a well-known phenomenon. However, ulnar nerve injury during implant removal has not been well documented. We performed implant removal in a united distal humerus fracture with the aim of improving the elbow's range of motion.

Calcified carotid artery atheroma on standard dental radiographs: A public health opportunity for cardiovascular risk reduction.

Objective: Calcified carotid artery atheroma (CCAA) can be identified incidentally on standard dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs). We sought to (1) determine the prevalence of CCAA on DPRs in a general dental population and (2) establish the proportion of patients in whom this would represent a new statin-indicated condition.

Methods: We identified patients aged ≥30 with DPRs from 2019 to 2021 from the University of British Columbia Dental Clinic.

Morphology, aspect ratio, and surface elemental composition of primary aerosol particles at urban region of India.

The PM and PM particles were characterized in terms of morphology (size and shape) and surface elemental composition at two different (traffic and industrial) locations in urban region of India and further linked to different morphological defining parameters. The overall PM and PM showed significant daily variability indicating higher PM as compared to PM. PM/PM ratio was found to be 0.

Prediction of Disease Progression and Clinical Response in Systemic Sclerosis: Experience From a Proof-of-Concept Trial.

Objective: Using the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) as a surrogate for disease activity, a phase 2a study in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) measured efficacy of the autotaxin inhibitor ziritaxestat. Mathematical modeling of mRSS was used to predict disease progression, examine candidate trial designs, and predict the probability of successfully discriminating treatment effect.

Methods: Patients with SSc receiving 600 mg of ziritaxestat or placebo for 24 weeks were included, in addition to data up to week 52 of the open-label extension (OLE).

The Clinical and Economic Implications of Different Treatment Pathways for Patients With Rapidly Recurrent Malignant Pleural Effusion.

Background: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common cancer complication. Clinical and economic implications of different recurrent MPE treatment pathways have not been evaluated fully.

Research Question: What clinical outcomes, complications, health care resource use, and costs are associated with various rapidly recurrent MPE treatment pathways?

Study Design And Methods: This retrospective cohort study using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Medicare data (2011-2015) included patients 66 to 90 years of age with rapidly recurrent MPE.

Assessment of nutritional status, physical fitness and physical activity of school going adolescents (12-15 years) in Delhi.

Background: Adolescence is a distinct period that is crucial for setting the foundation for long-term health.

Objective: To assess the nutritional status, physical fitness, and physical activity of adolescents.

Methods: The present cross-sectional study recruited 100 adolescents purposively.

Relationship Between COVID-19 and Linezolid-Resistant Enterococci: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.

Aim And Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between whether the COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be a great premise for increasing the incidence of linezolid resistance infections.

Materials And Method: The current retrospective study included data from March 2018 to March 2023 from a single center. The clinical records of the patients were reviewed to extract clinical data.

Pediatric Radial Neck Fracture: A Case Report Along With Surgical Tips on the Metaizeau Technique.

Radial neck fractures in children are an uncommon phenomenon. The Metaizeau technique for closed intramedullary nailing is a well-documented method for treating this type of fracture. We performed the Metaizeau technique for radial neck fracture fixation on a 10-year-old Indian male patient.

Association between frailty, long-term mortality and functional outcomes for older adults undergoing emergency laparotomy.

Background: An increasing number of older patients are undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL). Frailty is thought to contribute to adverse outcomes in this group. The best method to assess frailty and impacts on long-term mortality and other important functional outcomes for older EL patients have not been fully explored.

Sirtuin dysregulation in Parkinson's disease: Implications of acetylation and deacetylation processes.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects motor function and is caused by a gradual decline of dopaminergic neurons in the brain's substantia pars compacta (Snpc) region. Multiple molecular pathways are involved in the pathogenesis, which results in impaired cellular functions and neuronal degeneration. However, the role of sirtuins, a type of NAD-dependent deacetylase, in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease has recently been investigated.