Evaluation of biosafe alternative to eosin in hematoxylin and eosin staining procedure: A comparative study.

Background: Hematoxylin and eosin staining is the globally accepted staining technique for histology and histopathology sections. Hematoxylin is a natural dye as compared to eosin which is a synthetic dye manufactured from chemicals. Eosin acts as a counterstain to hematoxylin giving a sharp contrast to its blue color.

Salivary malondialdehyde in oral submucous fibrosis - A marker for oxidative damage.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder of oral mucosa and its malignant transformation rate accounts to about 7%-13%. Oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation plays an important role in OSMF. Lipid peroxidation has not been widely investigated in OSMF patients with respect to clinical staging and histopathological grading.

Stathmin! An immunohistochemical analysis of the novel marker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Leukoplakia.

Background: Stathmin is an intracellular phosphoprotein that controls the microtubule dynamics by further regulating proper attachment and alignment of chromosomes in a dividing cell. Thus, any mutation or aberrantly expressed protein that reduces the fidelity of spindle assembly will enhance chromosomal instability contributing to aneuploidy. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma is an extensively studied malignancy that occurs due to accumulated genetic changes due to carcinogens.

Analysis of collagen fibers in keratocystic odontogenic tumor and ameloblastoma: A polarizing microscopic study.

Introduction: Collagen forms an integral part of connective tissue and maintains its structural integrity. It has natural birefringence which is attributed to the arrangement of its fibers and is enhanced by special stains such as picrosirius red through polarizing microscopy. The polarization colors differ according to the fiber thickness and pattern of arrangement which in turn related to aggressiveness.

Solitary plasmacytoma of mandible: A rare entity.

Plasmacytoma is a discrete, unifocal, monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of the plasma cells. It may present as one of the three distinct clinical entities: multiple myeloma (MM), solitary plasmacytoma of bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma. Solitary bone plasmacytoma accounts for 3% of all plasma cell neoplasms with approximately 50% of the cases transforming into MM.

Demystifying the nature of hard tissues in odontogenic tumors using Modified Gallego's stain: A preliminary study.

Introduction: Histological stains are dyes that bind to a variety of tissues. Modified Gallego's (MG) stain is a modification of Lille's stain that can be used as a differential stain for identification of hard tissues in oral pathological lesions.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the presence of hard tissues such as enamel, dentin and cementum in normal extracted teeth and odontogenic tumors using MG stain and to compare the efficacy of MG stain with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma: Report of two rare cases and review of literature.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a histologically distinct variant of SCC in the head-and-neck region it occurs most commonly in older men with a history of heavy smoking and alcohol abuse and usually presents as a high stage disease with widespread metastases and hence poor prognosis. BSCC is believed to arise from a totipotential primitive cell in the basal layer of the surface epithelium or from the salivary duct lining epithelium. BSCC is an uncommon tumor with a predilection for the upper aerodigestive tract, is a distinct variant of squamous carcinoma, due to its unique histological features and ominous clinical behavior.

Evaluation of biosafe alternatives as xylene substitutes in hematoxylin and eosin staining procedure: A comparative pilot study.

Background: Xylene is synthetic hydrocarbon produced from coal tar known for its wide usage as universal solvent which has many hazardous effects. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of xylene-free hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) sections with conventional H and E sections.

Materials And Methods: The study included ninety paraffin-embedded tissue blocks.

Natural substitutes for formalin: A boon to histopathology!!

Introduction: In routine tissue processing, formalin has been proved as efficient as fixative since inception and hazards associated with it are of major safety and health concern.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of natural fixatives such as jaggery and Khandsari over formalin.

Materials And Methods: Ninety normal tissue specimen collected during minor oral surgical procedures were included in this study.

Age estimation using exfoliative cytology and radiovisiography: A comparative study.

Introduction: Age estimation is one of the essential factors in establishing the identity of an individual. Among various methods, exfoliative cytology (EC) is a unique, noninvasive technique, involving simple, and pain-free collection of intact cells from the oral cavity for microscopic examination.

Objective: The study was undertaken with an aim to estimate the age of an individual from the average cell size of their buccal smears calculated using image analysis morphometric software and the pulp-tooth area ratio in mandibular canine of the same individual using radiovisiography (RVG).

Ameloblastoma arising in the wall of dentigerous cyst: Report of a rare entity.

Dentigerous cyst (DC) is a developmental odontogenic cyst that encloses the crown of an unerupted tooth by expansion of its follicle with accumulation of fluid between the reduced enamel epithelium and the tooth crown and is attached to the neck of the tooth. The lining of DCs shows a potential for neoplastic transformation to ameloblastoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Here, we report a rare case of an ameloblastoma arising in the wall of a DC.

Age and gender assessment through three-dimensional morphometric analysis of maxillary sinus using magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Age and sex determinations are important tools in forensic odontology which help in the identification of an individual. Radiographic method of sex and age estimation is a noninvasive simple technique. Measurements of the maxillary sinuses can be used for the estimation of age and gender when other methods are inconclusive.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of mandible: A rare case report and review of literature.

Inflammatory pseudotumor is a term given to different neoplastic and nonneoplastic entities that have a common histological appearance, which comprises spindle cell proliferation with a prominent chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon lesion with distinctive clinical, pathological and molecular features and is considered to be pseudotumor for the past two decades due to its appearance. IMT is an intermediate soft tissue tumor which was first observed in lungs.

Non Calcifying Type of Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor: An Unusual Case Report with Special Emphasis on Histogenesis of Calcifications.

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour also known as Pindborg tumour, is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm of locally aggressive behavior. It is thought to arise from the epithelial element of the enamel origin which are reminiscent of the cells in the stratum intermedium layer of enamel organ in tooth development. The tumour is characterized histologically by the presence of polygonal epithelial cells, calcifications and eosinophilic deposits resembling amyloid.

Oral adenosquamous carcinoma: Report of a rare entity with a special insight on its histochemistry.

Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the head and neck (H and N) is an aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). They are described as SCC subtype with high infiltrative capacity and also presents with dual histomorphology, having both squamous and glandular cell components. ASC of the H and N region is considered as a controversial tumor, as it is similar to salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Mesiodistal odontometrics as a distinguishing trait: A comparative preliminary study.

Introduction: Sex determination is a vital step in reconstructing an individual profile from unidentified skeletal remnants. Variations in tooth size are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Tooth size variations have been reported among different populations.

Immunohistochemical expression of budding uninhibited by benzimidazole related 1 in leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Budding uninhibited by benzimidazole related 1 (BUBR1) is an important protein in the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint. Alterations in expression of BUBR1 have been reported in many premalignant and malignant lesions.

Aim: To compare the expression of BUBR1 with respect to the normal mucosa and degree of dysplasia in oral leukoplakia (OL) and also with respect to different histopathological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Primary biphasic synovial sarcoma of gingiva: Report of a rare case.

Synovial sarcoma is a mesenchymal spindle cell tumor with variable epithelial differentiation. It is unrelated to the synovium as the name might suggest but arises in the soft tissues of the extremities around the knee joints and tendon sheaths. The tumor cells are thought to resemble normal synovial tissue histopathologically, hence named "synovial sarcoma" (SS).

Granular cell ameloblastoma of jaw - Report of a case with an emphasis on its characterization.

Ameloblastoma is a neoplasm of odontogenic epithelium, especially of enamel organ-type tissue that has not undergone differentiation to the point of hard tissue formation. It accounts for approximately 10% of all tumors originating from gnathic bones. It exhibits diverse microscopic patterns which occurs either singly or in combination with other patterns.