Effectiveness of Robot-assisted Adrenalectomy for a Giant Adrenal Hemangioma: A Case Report.

Background: Adrenal hemangiomas are extremely rare benign tumors that often need to be distinguished from malignancies. Adrenal tumors >4 cm in size are treated surgically because the possibility of malignancy cannot be ruled out. Traditionally, open surgery has been the mainstay of treatment; however, in recent years, robot-assisted surgery has been increasingly used for tumors of larger size and suspected malignancy.

MYH9-related disease with a normal platelet count.

MYH9-related disease (MYH9-RD) is characterized by congenital macrothrombocytopenia, progressive kidney failure, and sensorineural hearing loss. We describe a patient with MYH9-RD and a normal platelet count. A 13-year-old boy with a normal platelet count presented with proteinuria and hematuria and underwent a kidney biopsy.

Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein level as a prognostic indicator of acute kidney injury secondary to severe falciparum malaria.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to severe falciparum malaria possesses a high mortality rate; however, a prognostic marker of renal dysfunction has not yet been identified. Thus, we reported a case of a patient with AKI secondary to falciparum malaria who underwent hemodialysis and a renal biopsy due to prolonged renal dysfunction. The male patient, in his 50 s, presented to our hospital with vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and decreased level of consciousness.

Renal outcome of living kidney donors aged more than 70 years.

Background: The number of marginal living kidney donors has increased. Medically complex donors who have hypertension, older age, or low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) have been more likely to be used.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of living kidney donors at a single center.

PLA2R-positive membranous nephropathy in IgG4-related disease.

Background: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibroinflammatory disease that affects multiple organs, including the pancreas, lacrimal glands, salivary glands, periaortic/retroperitoneum, and kidney. Interstitial nephritis is a typical renal disorder associated with IgG4-RD, but membranous nephropathy is also seen in some cases.

Case Presentation: Herein we report on the case of a 77-year-old male patient with nephrotic syndrome and IgG4-related lung disease.

Clinicopathological differences in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis depending on the accompanying pathophysiological conditions in renal allografts.

Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is thought to be caused by circulating factors leading to podocytopathy, whereas segmental sclerotic lesions (FSGS lesions) have several causes. We studied the clinicopathological differences of FSGS-lesions in 258 cases of FSGS in renal allografts, depending on the following accompanying pathophysiology: recurrence of primary FSGS, calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-induced arteriolopathy, antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), and other conditions. All cases were categorized with the Columbia classification.

Anti-factor H antibody-positive C3 glomerulonephritis secondary to poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis with diabetic nephropathy.

Poststreptococcal acute kidney glomerulonephritis (PSAGN) has been seen in adults in recent years, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the renal prognosis has not always been good. There have been cases of PSAGN in which complete remission was not achieved and hematuria and proteinuria persisted, leading to end-stage renal disease. Previous reports showed that the patients subjected to PSAGN have an underlying defect in regulating the alternative pathway of complement, and they identified that antibodies to the C3 convertase, C3 nephritic factors (C3NeF), are involved.

Improvement of glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction by switching from liraglutide or dulaglutide to subcutaneous semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicentre, prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparison study (SWITCH-SEMA 1 study).

Aim: To investigate the effects of switching from liraglutide or dulaglutide to once-weekly semaglutide on glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: In this multicentre, open-labelled, prospective, randomized, parallel-group comparison study, patients treated with liraglutide 0.9-1.

Overexpression of Plasmalemmal Vesicle-Associated Protein-1 Reflects Glomerular Endothelial Injury in Cases of Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal IgG Deposits.

Introduction: Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits (PGNMID) occasionally presents refractory nephrotic syndrome resulting in poor renal prognosis, but its etiology is not fully elucidated. Given that glomerular endothelial cell (GEC) stress or damage may lead to podocytopathy and subsequent proteinuria, as in thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), diabetic kidney disease, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, we investigated the evidence of glomerular endothelial injury by evaluating the expression of plasmalemmal vesicle-associated protein-1 (PV-1), a component of caveolae in the cases of PGNMID.

Methods: We measured the immunofluorescent PV-1 intensities of 23 PGNMID cases and compared with those of primary membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) ( = 5) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) ( = 54) cases.

Cumulative Dialytic Glucose Exposure is a Risk Factor for Peritoneal Fibrosis and Angiogenesis in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis Using Neutral-pH Fluids.

Introduction: Neutral-pH dialysate has been reported to be beneficial to prevent the peritoneal pathological changes in adult peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, but its use is controversial in pediatric PD patients. In addition, the impact of cumulative dialytic glucose exposure has not been examined.

Methods: Pediatric PD patients using conventional fluids (conventional group,  = 31) or those using neutral-pH fluids (neutral-pH group,  = 33) were compared.

Effects of pemafibrate on lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia: A multi-center prospective observational study, the PARM-T2D study.

Aims: Pemafibrate, a novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulator, was shown to ameliorate lipid abnormalities in a phase III clinical trial of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its efficacy has not been demonstrated in real-world clinical practice in patients with T2DM.

Methods: We performed a multi-center prospective observational study of the use of pemafibrate in patients with T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia versus conventional therapy, with or without a fibrate.

The agreement between measured HbA1c and optimized target HbA1c based on the Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community-based Integrated Care System 8-items (DASC-8): A cross-sectional study of elderly patients with diabetes.

Aim: To investigate the achievement of individualized target HbA1c based on the Japanese guideline after geriatric assessment with the Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community-based Integrated Care System 8-items (DASC-8) and to evaluate patient characteristics acting as barriers to achieving the target HbA1c in elderly outpatients with diabetes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 303 Japanese outpatients aged ≥65 years with diabetes. Their health status was measured using the DASC-8.

The renoprotective effect of once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on progression of nephropathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (JDDM67).

Aims/introduction: Few studies have investigated the renoprotective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study evaluated the effect of dulaglutide 0.75 mg on renal function in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD stage 3 to 4.

Effects of switching from a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor to oral semaglutide on glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: protocol for a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, parallel-group comparison study (the SWITCH-SEMA 2 study).

Introduction: Incretin-based therapies exert antihyperglycaemic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a blood glucose concentration-dependent fashion. The first-in-class oral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide has potent effects on glycaemic and weight control, but little evidence has been published for the superiority of semaglutide for glycaemic control in patients after switching from a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. Therefore, we aim to verify the efficacy of oral semaglutide in patients with T2D being treated with a DPP-4 inhibitor.

Treatment with bortezomib for recurrent proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits in kidney allograft. Case report and review of the literature.

Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin IgG deposits (PGNMID) is an already described form of renal involvement by monoclonal gammopathy. PGNMID is known to recur in kidney allografts. Bortezomib has shown clinical success in the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Do the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors exceed the risks in patients with type 1 diabetes?

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are well-established means of improving glycemia and preventing cardio-renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, their efficacy and safety have yet to be fully characterized in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We studied patients with T1D who regularly attended one of five diabetes centers and treated with an SGLT2i (ipragliflozin or dapagliflozin) for >52 weeks, and the changes in HbA1c, body mass, insulin dose, and laboratory data were retrospectively evaluated and adverse events (AEs) recorded during December 2018 to April 2021.

Association between 25 Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Lipid Profiles in Japanese with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Low 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are closely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D deficiency is more common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus than in the general population. In addition, vitamin D status is lower in patients with the metabolic syndrome than in those without the syndrome.

Slowly Progressive Male Alport Syndrome Evaluated by Serial Biopsy: Importance of Type IV Collagen Staining.

A slowly progressive middle-aged man initially diagnosed with thin basement membrane nephropathy based on extensive thinning of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was subsequently diagnosed with Alport syndrome (AS) by a serial renal biopsy eight years later. The ultrastructural analysis of the second biopsy indicated thickening and wrinkling with mild reticulation in the GBM, consistent with AS. However, a retrospective analysis of the first biopsy revealed mild attenuation of type IV collagen α5 chain staining, suggesting a potential diagnosis of AS, despite the lack of ultrastructural features of AS.

Comparison of efficacy between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor on metabolic risk factors in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from the CANTABILE study.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, and canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, at reducing a composite outcome of three metabolic risk factors (obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic risks.

Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel-group comparison study, 162 patients with T2DM and one or more metabolic risk factors were randomized into a teneligliptin or canagliflozin group and treated for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the composite percentage of subjects who experienced an improvement in at least one metabolic risk after 24 weeks of treatment.