Association between Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Postoperative Defecatory Dysfunction: A Preliminary Survey.

In this study, we aimed to explore the association between physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with postoperative defecatory dysfunction. A survey using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-30 and QLQ-29 was conducted among 62 adult outpatients with CRC at two cancer hospitals in Japan. PA and sedentary behavior were evaluated using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Novel Approach for Glycemic Management Incorporating Vibration Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle in Obesity.

Because obesity is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), it is important to manage the blood glucose level at an early stage. Nevertheless, people with obesity have significantly lower resistance to muscle fatigue after exercise and exercise adherence. Therefore, we developed a novel "Relaxing-Vibration Training (VT)" consisting of 25 postures using vibration stimulation of skeletal muscle and determined the feasibility of VT for glycemic management.

Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Are Interventions Useful?

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to detail the current global research state of metabolically healthy obesogenesis with regard to metabolic factors, disease prevalence, comparisons to unhealthy obesity, and targeted interventions to reverse or delay progression from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity.

Recent Findings: As a long-term condition with increased risk of cardiovascular, metabolic, and all-cause mortality risks, obesity threatens public health on a national level. The recent discovery of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), a transitional condition during which obese persons carry comparatively lower health risks, has added to confusion about the true effect of visceral fat and subsequent long-term health risks.

Defecation Dysfunction and Exercise Habits among Survivors of Rectal Cancer: A Pilot Qualitative Study.

This pilot qualitative study aimed to investigate exercise habits and assess defecatory dysfunction among adult survivors of rectal cancer with and without stomas. Patients were eligible for the study if they had stage I-IV rectal cancer, and less than 5 years had elapsed since surgery. We conducted semi-structured interviews with outpatients visiting two general hospitals in Japan and inquired about their diets, defecation, and exercise habits.

Factors of Obesity and Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Asia.

The East Asian region (China, Japan, and South Korea) is comprised of almost 1.5 billion people and recent industrialization has brought with it a pandemic of rising obesity, even in children. As these countries are rapidly aging and functioning at sub-replacement birthrates, the burgeoning costs of obesity-related care may threaten socialized healthcare systems and quality of life.

β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation May Not Enhance Additional Effects of Exercise on Muscle Quality in Older Women.

Purpose: The combined treatment effects of nutritional supplementation and exercise on muscle quality (MQ) remain unexamined in individuals at risk for sarcopenia. This secondary analysis aimed to test whether β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation enhances the effects of resistance training (RT) on MQ in older women with low muscle mass.

Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-by-two factorial design trial was conducted at the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology.

Renal hemodynamics across the adult lifespan: Relevance of flow pulsatility to chronic kidney disease.

Background: Elevated renal flow pulsatility may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations among age, renal flow pulsatility, and CKD biomarkers in non-CKD adults and CKD patients.

Methods: Non-CKD adults (n = 415) and CKD patients (n = 136) aged between 22 and 83 years underwent the renal blood flow measurement using duplex ultrasonography.

Effects of exercise and/or β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older women with low muscle mass: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: The interaction between exercise and nutritional supplementation is unclear among older adults at risk of sarcopenia.

Objectives: We aimed to examine if β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation enhances the effects of exercise on muscle mass, strength, and physical performance and observe potential residual effects in older women with low muscle mass.

Methods: This 12-wk, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial design (exercise-only, HMB-only, both, and none) trial included 156 women aged 65-79 y with skeletal muscle index <5.

Weight-loss-independent benefits of exercise on liver steatosis and stiffness in Japanese men with NAFLD.

Background & Aims: A weight-loss-independent beneficial effect of exercise on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) management has been reported, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. To help determine this mechanism, the effects of exercise on individual tissues (liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle) were retrospectively studied.

Methods: Data from Japanese obese men with NAFLD in a 3-month exercise regimen were analysed and compared with those in a 3-month dietary restriction program designed to achieve weight loss.

Comparison between volunteer- and expert-led versions of a community-based weight-loss intervention.

This study compared the effect of volunteer- and expert-led versions of a community-based weight-loss intervention in a non-randomized comparative trial conducted in Ibaraki, Japan from 2016 to 2017. Participants were 145 Japanese adults with overweightness or obesity, aged 20-69 years, with 77 in a volunteer-led group and 68 in an expert-led group. Both groups received the same program content and intervention period.

Effects of Exercise on the Oral Microbiota and Saliva of Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Exercise can be hypothesized to play an important role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment by changing the oral bacterial flora and in the mechanism underlying periodontal disease. We performed salivary component analysis before and after an exercise regimen, and genome analysis of the oral bacterial flora to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Obese middle-aged men with NAFLD and periodontal disease were allocated to 12-week exercise ( = 49) or dietary restriction ( = 21) groups.

A favorable metabolic profile in metabolically healthy obesity is associated with physical activity level rather than abdominal fat volume in Japanese males.

[Purpose] To determine the potential factors for difference in metabolic profiles between metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy obesity, we investigated the difference in abdominal fat volume, metabolic characteristics, and physical activity levels between metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy obesity identified with cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese males. [Participants and Methods] Of 305 volunteers recruited, 130 obese males (age: 46.9 ± 8.

Physical Fitness Levels among Colon Cancer Survivors with a Stoma: A Preliminary Study.

Stoma surgery is linked to reduced physical activity in colon cancer survivors and leads to decreased physical fitness, activity of daily living dysfunction, and poorer quality of life. However, few studies have investigated the physical fitness levels of colon cancer survivors living with stomas. This study aimed to compare the physical fitness levels of colon cancer survivors with stomas and healthy adults, assessing them in a variety of dimensions (e.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is strongly linked to metabolic syndrome among physical fitness components: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Maintaining a good level of physical fitness from engaging in regular exercise is important for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, which components constitutive of physical fitness confer the greatest influence remains controversial. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between MetS and physical fitness components including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, flexibility, and agility and to identify which physical fitness components have the largest influence on MetS.

Relationship between physical activity and circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 in middle-aged and older adults.

Objective: Circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) increase with advancing age and may lead to the development of cardiometabolic diseases via impaired lipid and glucose metabolism. While physical activity can reduce these risks of cardiometabolic dysfunction, it remains obscure whether circulation FGF21 levels are influenced by physical activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between daily physical activities and circulating FGF21 levels in middle-aged and older adults.

Providing Weight Loss Support to Patients Who Are Obese in Preparation for Colorectal Cancer Surgery to Reduce Surgical Site Infection Risk: A Mixed-methods Study.

Unlabelled: Obesity increases the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) after colorectal cancer surgery, but strategies to support weight loss in obese patients who have colorectal cancer have not been established.

Purpose: This mixed-methods study, using retrospective and prospective data, aimed to explore inhibitors and facilitators of preoperative weight loss in obese patients with colorectal cancer and the potential impact of preoperative weight loss support on SSIs.

Methods: Patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 25 kg/m2 were eligible to participate in the weight loss support program.

Sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and renal function in older adults: isotemporal substitution modelling.

Background: Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour (too much sitting) can contribute to renal dysfunction. However, the potential benefits of behavioural change (e.g.

A Novel Exercise for Enhancing Visuospatial Ability in Older Adults with Frailty: Development, Feasibility, and Effectiveness.

We aimed to develop a novel exercise to improve visuospatial ability and evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness in older adults with frailty. A non-randomized preliminary trial was conducted between June 2014 and March 2015. We recruited 35 adults with frailty (24 women), aged 66-92 years.

Association of abdominal fat with metabolic syndrome components in overweight women: effect of menopausal status.

Background: The association between abdominal fat distribution and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) components by menopausal status has yet to be explicated. The purpose of this study was to examine a cross-sectional association between abdominal fat compartments and MetSyn components in pre- and post-menopausal overweight Japanese women.

Methods: Of 212 overweight Japanese women, 76 pre-menopausal overweight (BMI ≥ 25) women (PreM age, 42.

Dietary modification reduces serum angiopoietin-like protein 2 levels and arterial stiffness in overweight and obese men.

Purpose: Weight loss can reduce obesity-induced arterial stiffening that is attributed to decreased inflammation. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) is a pro-inflammatory adipokine that is upregulated in obesity and is important in the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary modification on circulating ANGPTL2 levels and arterial stiffness in overweight and obese men.

High levels of oxidatively generated DNA damage 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine accumulate in the brain tissues of xeroderma pigmentosum group A gene-knockout mice.

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disorder associated with defects in nucleotide excision repair, a pathway that eliminates a wide variety of helix-distorting DNA lesions, including ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers. In addition to skin diseases in sun-exposed areas, approximately 25% of XP patients develop progressive neurological disease, which has been hypothesized to be associated with the accumulation of an oxidatively generated type of DNA damage called purine 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxynucleoside (cyclopurine). However, that hypothesis has not been verified.

Association between duration of excessive weight and arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults.

This study aims to evaluate the association between duration of overweight/obesity and arterial stiffness. In total, 103 men and women aged 45-68 years with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m were enrolled in this study. Duration of overweight/obesity was calculated for individuals with at least two consecutive BMI occurrences of ≥25 kg/m in the previous (5-year intervals from 20 years old) and present BMI information.

Effects of resistance training and/or beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older women with reduced muscle mass: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Introduction: Resistance training (RT) and nutritional supplementation seem to have beneficial effects on muscle properties and physical performance in older adults. However, the reported effects of specific RT programmes and supplementation prescriptions vary among studies. The present study aims to examine the acute and residual effects of RT and/or beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older women with reduced muscle mass.

Association of Foot Structure with the Strength of Muscles that Move the Ankle and Physical Performance.

The human foot plays an important role in supporting body weight, maintaining postural balance, and absorbing ground reaction forces. Although many studies have indicated that a causal relationship exists between foot structure and alterations in lower extremity kinematics, there is little evidence regarding the possible association of foot structure with strength of muscles that move the ankle and physical performance. A total of 67 adult men with a mean age of 51.