Comparison of spinal cord contusion and transection: functional and histological changes in the rat urinary bladder.

Objective: To compare the effect of complete transection (tSCI) and contusion spinal cord injury (cSCI) on bladder function and bladder wall structure in rats.

Materials And Methods: A total of 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: an uninjured control, a cSCI and a tSCI group. The cSCI group underwent spinal cord contusion, while the tSCI group underwent complete spinal cord transection.

Simultaneous implantation of bilateral ureters into bladder acellular matrix graft after partial cystectomy in a porcine model.

Unlabelled: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The process of bladder regeneration with a bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) is thought to be accelerated by administration of vascular endothelial growth factor into the host bladder. In the present study, we showed that simultaneous implantation of bilateral ureters into a BAMG after a partial cystectomy is reasonable and provides an increased opportunity to the bio-scaffold for communication with host tissues from which a blood supply and stem cells will be generated.

Objective: • To evaluate if the implantation of bilateral ureters into a bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) at the time of its implantation would enhance bladder regeneration in a partial substitution BAMG.

Nerve growth factor combined with vascular endothelial growth factor enhances regeneration of bladder acellular matrix graft in spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic rat bladder.

Objective: To determine the combined effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on regeneration of the bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) in spinal cord injury (SCI)-mediated neurogenic bladder in rats.

Materials And Methods: In all, 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. At 8 weeks after spinalization surgery (neurogenic bladder), they were divided into five groups consisting of untreated controls and those whose bladders were injected with either no growth factor, NGF (2 microg/rat), VEGF (2 microg/rat) or both at partial BAMG replacement surgery.

Mechanism of continence after repair of posterior urethral disruption: evidence of rhabdosphincter activity.

Purpose: Controversy exists regarding continence mechanisms in patients who undergo posterior urethral reconstruction after pelvic fracture. Some evidence suggests that continence after posterior urethroplasty is maintained by the bladder neck or proximal urethral mechanism without a functioning distal mechanism. We studied distal urethral sphincter activity in patients who have undergone posterior urethroplasty for pelvic fracture.

Functional improvement in spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder by bladder augmentation using bladder acellular matrix graft in the rat.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) rostral to the lumbosacral level causes bladder hyperreflexia and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), which are accompanied by bladder hypertrophy. We hypothesize that bladder augmentation using a bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) can improve the function of SCI-mediated neurogenic bladder. In female rats (n = 35), SCI was induced by transection of the spinal cord at the lower thoracic level.

Bladder substitution: experimental data.

Bladder enlargement or substitution using various segments of the gastrointestinal tract has been associated with significant metabolic and nutritional complications. Extensive research for other alternative materials, both synthetic and autologous, has revealed some difficulties including rejection, infection and stone formation. Most investigators believe that any material used for bladder augmentation must serve as a scaffold for the progressive ingrowth of all host bladder wall components, without infection or rejection.

The effect of intracavernosal growth differentiation factor-5 therapy in a rat model of cavernosal nerve injury.

Objective: To determine whether the intracavernosal application of growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) influences nerve regeneration and erectile function after cavernosal nerve injury in a rat model.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: eight had a sham operation (uninjured controls), while 24 had bilateral cavernosal nerve crush. The crush-injury groups were treated at the time of injury with an impregnated collagen sponge implanted into the right corpus cavernosum.

Collagen I:III ratio in canine heterologous bladder acellular matrix grafts.

The objective of this study was to investigate the limitations of a heterologous bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) and the influence of the collagen ratio on functional regeneration in a large animal model. Ten female dogs underwent partial cystectomy; eight received BAMG (two homologous; six heterologous) and two partial cystectomy only. A cystometry was performed prior to surgery and 7 months postoperatively when all animals underwent sacral root stimulation.

Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on regeneration of bladder acellular matrix graft: histologic and functional evaluation.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on regeneration of the bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG).

Methods: A total of 40 female rats were divided into two groups. In the experimental group (VEGF+), the BAMG was incubated in VEGF and VEGF was injected into the host bladder.

Neuromodulation in voiding dysfunction: a historical overview of neurostimulation and its application.

This article presents a historical overview of neurostimulation and its application in voiding dysfunction.

Homologous acellular matrix graft for vaginal repair in rats: a pilot study for a new reconstructive approach.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate using an acellular matrix graft of vagina (VAMG) or bladder (BAMG) in vaginal reconstruction. In 18 rats, vaginal length was measured and a hysterectomy performed. In three control animals, the vaginal stump was closed.

Tunica albuginea acellular matrix graft for penile reconstruction in the rabbit: a model for treating Peyronie's disease.

Objective: To evaluate the use of an acellular matrix graft of the tunica albuginea for functional penile reconstruction in severe cases of Peyronie's disease.

Materials And Methods: In 18 rabbits, an acellular matrix graft of the tunica albuginea was used to cover a 4 x 8 mm tunical defect, and six animals each were killed 1, 3 and 6 months later; four unoperated animals served as histological controls. Before death an erection was induced by papaverine, with the quality classified on a scale of 0-5, and cavernosography performed.

The bladder acellular matrix graft in a rat chemical cystitis model: functional and histologic evaluation.

Purpose: We investigated the feasibility of augmentation in a diseased bladder with a bladder acellular matrix graft.

Materials And Methods: In 50 female Sprague-Dawley rats chemical cystitis was induced by intravesical instillation of HCl repeated monthly to maintain chronic inflammation. Urodynamic studies were performed in all rats 1 week after the induction of chemical cystitis and repeated at sacrifice.

Physiologic bladder evacuation with selective sacral root stimulation: sinusoidal signal and organ-specific frequency.

In patients with spinal cord injury above S2, who characteristically have both detrusor hyperflexia and sphincteric spasm, sacral anterior root stimulation can evacuate the bladder, but sacral deafferentation is needed to eliminate the hyperreflexia for normal bladder filling. The common stimulation parameters for these patients activate the detrusor and the external urethral sphincter simultaneously (detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia), and the resultant post-stimulus voiding is not physiologic. We sought to determine organ-specific stimulation parameters.

Heterologous acellular matrix graft for reconstruction of the rabbit urethra: histological and functional evaluation.

Purpose: In a rabbit model we evaluated urethral replacement by a free heterologous dog acellular matrix graft and compared these results with those of a homologous graft with the exclusion of antigenicity as a major goal.

Materials And Methods: In 14 male New Zealand rabbits a 0.8 to 1.

Time dependent smooth muscle regeneration and maturation in a bladder acellular matrix graft: histological studies and in vivo functional evaluation.

Purpose: We evaluated the time dependence of smooth muscle regeneration and restoration of in vivo functional properties in bladder augmented with a bladder acellular matrix graft.

Materials And Methods: A total of 45 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent augmentation cystoplasty with a bladder acellular matrix graft. Two rats each were sacrificed at various intervals within the first 21 days and 6 each were sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.

Homologous acellular matrix graft for urethral reconstruction in the rabbit: histological and functional evaluation.

Objective: To evaluate urethral replacement by a free homologous graft of acellular urethral matrix in a rabbit model.

Materials And Methods: In 30 male New Zealand rabbits, a 0.8 to 1.

Organ-specific acellular matrix for reconstruction of the urinary tract.

In urology, replacement of organs or organ segments has proved problematic. Current techniques do not replicate complete organ function, and they cause well-known complications. With the acellular organ-specific matrix we have found a way to regenerate tissue components seen in the normal lower urinary tract.

Homologous bladder augmentation in dog with the bladder acellular matrix graft.

Objective: To determine the functional potential and antigenicity of the homologous bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) in a dog model.

Materials And Methods: Seven mongrel dogs underwent partial cystectomy (20-50%) and grafting with an equal-sized BAMG; two control animals underwent partial cystectomy (40%) only. The dogs were killed after 30 (one), 120 (one) and 210 days (five dogs).

Bladder acellular matrix graft: in vivo functional properties of the regenerated rat bladder.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the rat urinary bladder augmented by an acellular matrix graft can restore the bladder's low-pressure reservoir function and preserve normal micturition. After partial cystectomy (> 50%) and grafting with the bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG), storage and voiding functions were monitored in 20 rats by means of a specially designed "micturition cage," leak-point cystography, and cystometry. After 4 months, sections (n = 6) were examined histologically to evaluate regeneration of bladder wall components within the BAMG.

Long-term results of colpocystourethropexy for persistent or recurrent stress urinary incontinence.

Purpose: We review the long-term outcome of colpocystourethropexy for persistent or recurrent stress urinary incontinence after suspension procedure failure.

Materials And Methods: Medical records and preoperative studies were reviewed of 60 patients (mean age 60.8 years) who had undergone colpocystourethropexy after at least 1 suspension procedure (range 1 to 8, mean 2.