Bleb geometry and morphology after Preserflo Microshunt surgery: Risk factors for surgical failure.

Purpose: To investigate the possible risk factors for treatment failure in patients who had undergone Preserflo Microshunt (PMS) implantation, using anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to analyze the internal structures of the bleb.

Methods: The PMS blebs of 54 patients were evaluated with AS-OCT. A mathematical model was used to calculate the total filtering surface of the episcleral fluid cavity (EFC) and the hydraulic conductivity (HC) of the bleb wall.

Efficacy of astigmatic correction after femtosecond laser-guided cataract surgery using intraoperative aberrometry in eyes with low-to-moderate levels of corneal astigmatism.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of astigmatic correction with two types of toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in eyes with low-to-moderate corneal astigmatism using intraoperative aberrometry for optimizing the position of the toric IOL.

Methods: Retrospective study includes a total of 99 eyes of 73 patients with anterior keratomeric astigmatism ≤ 3 D and undergoing FLACS (Catalys, Johnson & Johnson Vision) with implantation of a monofocal (Ankoris, PhysIOL) or a multifocal toric IOL with the same platform (Pod FT, PhysIOL). In all cases, intraoperative aberrometry was used (Optiwave refractive analysis, ORA, system, Alcon).

Femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy for treatment of bilateral anterior capsule contraction.

A 51-year-old woman developed severe fibrosis and occlusion of the visual axis in 1 eye, maintaining a pinhole aperture in the fellow eye, 2 months after uneventful cataract surgery and implantation of a hydrophilic trifocal intraocular lens in the capsular bag. She had not exhibited any risk factor for anterior capsule contraction preoperatively. Femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy with a fluid-filled interface system was used to perform a simultaneous anterior capsulotomy in both eyes.

Effect of the Femtosecond Laser on an Intracorneal Inlay for Surgical Compensation of Presbyopia during Cataract Surgery: Scanning Electron Microscope Imaging.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) on porcine eyes implanted with a Kamra corneal inlay and to describe how the inlay may change the effect of the femtosecond laser on the lens.

Methods: FLACS was performed on six porcine eyes and a Kamra corneal inlay had been implanted, exploring the lens under the surgical microscope. Another Kamra corneal inlay was attached to the upper part of the transparent hemisphere used for calibration of the femtosecond laser.

Porcine Model to Evaluate Real-Time Intraocular Pressure During Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) in porcine eyes during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery using a liquid-optic interface system.

Materials And Methods: Femtosecond laser cataract surgery with the Catalys™ was performed on freshly enucleated porcine eyes in Oftalvist Moncloa, Madrid, Spain. Capsulorhexis and lens fragmentation were completed in all the eyes without complications.

Fasting and postprandial gastric sensorimotor activity in functional dyspepsia: postprandial distress vs. epigastric pain syndrome.

Objectives: Little information is available on the mechanisms responsible for dyspeptic symptoms in postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), characterized by the presence of prevalently meal-related early satiation and fullness, and the epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), characterized by the prominent symptom of epigastric pain, generally not meal related. In a group of PDS patients, the presence of hypersensitivity to gastric distension in both fasting and postprandial phases was described as the main pathophysiological mechanism; on the contrary, we have no information on the pathophysiology of EPS.

Methods: Sixty Helicobacter pylori (HP)-negative, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-negative, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-negative patients with functional dyspepsia according to Rome III criteria underwent symptom, anxiety, depression, and somatization evaluation, gastric barostat test, and gastric emptying time evaluation for solids.

Colonic hypersensitivity is a major determinant of the efficacy of bloating treatment in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

The pathophysiology of bloating is largely unknown, and many mechanisms have been proposed. An alteration of intestinal gas production may have a role in a subgroup of patients, but available data are conflicting. We have previously shown that hypersensitivity to colonic fermentation is associated with severe bloating in a subgroup of patients with low intestinal gas production.

Genetic test for lactase non-persistence and hydrogen breath test: is genotype better than phenotype to diagnose lactose malabsorption?

Background: Adult-type hypolactasia is a widespread condition throughout the world, causing lactose malabsorption. The lactose breath test is a simple tool for diagnosis but the need for prolonged monitoring of hydrogen excretion has led to a genetic test proposal. The aim of this study was to compare the genetic test with the lactose breath test in order to give some insights into the clinical value of genetic testing.

Visceral hypersensitivity and intolerance symptoms in lactose malabsorption.

Lactose malabsorption is not always associated with intolerance symptoms. The factors responsible for symptom onset are not yet completely known. As differences in visceral sensitivity may play a role in the pathogenesis of functional symptoms, we evaluated whether an alteration of visceral sensitivity is present in subjects with lactose intolerance.

Effect of tegaserod on recto-sigmoid tonic and phasic activity in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

Objectives: In irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the modulation of neural pathways may be altered and we have recently shown that postprandial recto-sigmoid tone modification is impaired. On pathophysiological grounds, we do not know whether this alteration may have a role in symptom onset and, in particular, whether an effective drug, such as tegaserod, can improve this response together with symptom severity.

Methods: Twenty-two female patients with constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), diagnosed according to Rome II criteria, were studied.

Role of colonic fermentation in the perception of colonic distention in irritable bowel syndrome and functional bloating.

Background & Aims: Bloating represents a frequent gastrointestinal symptom, but the pathophysiologic mechanism responsible for its onset is still largely unknown. Patients very frequently attribute the sensation of bloating to the presence of excessive bowel gas, but not all patients with gas-related symptoms exhibit increased intestinal production of gas. It is therefore possible that other still unrecognized mechanisms might contribute to its pathophysiology.

The role of gastric accommodation in the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia.

Background And Objectives: The pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia is not yet completely known. Several mechanisms have been suggested as having a role in symptom onset and impaired gastric accommodation to meal is one of the most frequent. This review will focus on the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of this abnormality.

Experimental study of different intraocular lens designs implanted in the bag after capsulorhexis.

Objective: To analyze experimentally in cadaver eyes several models of commercially available posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) to determine their stability, fixation, and behavior in the capsular bag in relation to their overall size, optic diameter, shape, material, and haptic configuration.

Setting: Eye Bank and Department of Ophthalmology, University General Hospital of Alicante, Spain.

Methods: Thirty-three IOLs of different sizes, shapes, and designs, divided in two series and five groups, were implanted successively in 31 cadaver eyes.