Advancements in Acoustic Cavitation Modelling: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions in Sonochemical Reactor Design.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of ultrasonic wave propagation, with a primary focus on high-power ultrasound systems where cavitation bubbles are likely to occur. The review is structured to guide readers through the historical development of cavitation models, from early works such as the Rayleigh-Plesset equation to more advanced numerical approaches. It explores the dynamics of cavitation bubbles, their physical effects, and the key factors influencing bubble formation, growth, and collapse.

A starch/gelatin-based Halochromic film with black currant anthocyanin and Nanocellulose-stabilized cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion: Towards real-time Salmon freshness assessment.

Neoterically, food packaging systems designed solely for prolonging shelf life or monitoring freshness could not fulfil the dynamic demands of consumers. In this current investigation, using the solvent casting method, a versatile halochromic indicator was created by integrating black currant anthocyanin and cinnamon essential oil-loaded Pickering emulsion into a starch/gelatin matrix. The resulting indicator film underwent scrutiny for its structural, pH-sensitive, antioxidant, and antimicrobial attributes.

One-pot extraction of nanocellulose from raw durian husk fiber using carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvent with in situ ultrasound assistance.

Nanocellulose (CNF) has emerged as a promising alternative to synthetic petroleum-based polymers, but the conventional preparation process involves multiple tedious steps, heavily dependent on chemical input, and proves cost-inefficient. This study presented an, in situ ultrasound-assisted extraction using deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on choline chloride and oxalic acid for more facile production of CNF from raw durian husk fibers. FESEM analysis confirmed the successful extraction of web-like nanofibril structure with width size ranging from 18 to 26 nm.

Tunable durian seed gum-derived eutectogel as a novel coating material: Rheological, thermal, textural and barrier properties for enhanced food preservation.

As a promising green and sustainable coating material, gum was extracted from durian seed to produce eutectogel, which the properties were tunable using natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES). Ten different eutectogels were successfully synthesized using durian seed gum (DSG) and xanthan gum (XG) gelators at different composition (5, 10, 15 %) to gel choline chloride-glucose (1:1), choline chloride-fructose (1:2) and betaine-glucose-water (1:1:1) NADESs. Results revealed that eutectogel was non-Newtonian and weak gel material with excellent thermostability up to 200 °C.

Ultrasonic cavitation: An effective cleaner and greener intensification technology in the extraction and surface modification of nanocellulose.

With rising consumer demand for natural products, a greener and cleaner technology, i.e., ultrasound-assisted extraction, has received immense attention given its effective and rapid isolation for nanocellulose compared to conventional methods.

Mitigation of Environmental Stress-Impacts in Plants: Role of Sole and Combinatory Exogenous Application of Glutathione.

Glutathione (GSH; γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine), a low-molecular-weight thiol, is the most pivotal metabolite involved in the antioxidative defense system of plants. The modulation of GSH on the plant in response to environmental stresses could be illustrated through key pathways such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and signaling, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification and signaling, upregulation of gene expression for antioxidant enzymes, and metal chelation and xenobiotic detoxification. However, under extreme stresses, the biosynthesis of GSH may get inhibited, causing an excess accumulation of ROS that induces oxidative damage on plants.

Preparation of black cumin seed oil Pickering nanoemulsion with enhanced stability and antioxidant potential using nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch.

The groundbreaking innovation and industrialization are ushering in a new era where technology development is integrated with the sustainability of materials. Over the decade, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) obtained from lignocellulosic biomass had created a great value in various aspects. The abundantly available empty fruit bunch (EFB) in the palm oil industry has motivated us to utilize it as a sustainable alternative for the isolation of NCC, which is a worthwhile opportunity to the waste management of EFB.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nanocellulose-Stabilized Pickering Emulsions.

While the economy is rapidly expanding in most emerging countries, issues coupled with a higher population has created foreseeable tension among food, water, and energy. It is crucial for more sustainable valorization of resources, for instance, nanocellulose, to address the core challenges in environmental sustainability. As the complexity of the system evolved, the timescale of project development has increased exponentially.

Surface-modified nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch for effective binding of curcumin.

Rod-shape particles have been a good drug carrier due to the long circulatory time, tumor accumulation and high cellular uptake in body. Acid-hydrolysed nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from empty fruit bunch exhibited a width of 13-30nm and a length of 150-360nm in rod-shape structure. NCC holds good potential as a bio-based drug carrier owing to its biodegradability and biocompatibility.

A computational and experimental study on acoustic pressure for ultrasonically formed oil-in-water emulsion.

In the field of ultrasonic emulsification, the formation and cavitation collapse is one major factor contributing to the formation of micro- and nano-sized emulsion droplets. In this work, a series of experiments were conducted to examine the effects of varying the ultrasonic horn's position to the sizes of emulsion droplets formed, in an attempt to compare the influence of the simulated acoustic pressure fields to the experimental results. Results showed that the intensity of the acoustic pressure played a vital role in the formation of smaller emulsion droplets.

An insight into nanocellulose as soft condensed matter: Challenge and future prospective toward environmental sustainability.

Nanocellulose, a structural polysaccharide that has caught tremendous interests nowadays due to its renewability, inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability, abundance in resource, and environmental friendly nature. They are promising green nanomaterials derived from cellulosic biomass that can be disintegrated into cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), relying on their sensitivity to hydrolysis at the axial spacing of disordered domains. Owing to their unique mesoscopic characteristics at nanoscale, nanocellulose has been widely researched and incorporated as a reinforcement material in composite materials.

Cavitation technology - a greener processing technique for the generation of pharmaceutical nanoemulsions.

Novel nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems (DDS) have been proposed as alternative and effective approach for the delivery of various types of poorly water-soluble drugs in the last decade. This nanoformulation strategy significantly improves the cell uptake and bioavailability of numerous hydrophobic drugs by increasing their solubility and dissolution rate, maintaining drug concentration within the therapeutic range by controlling the drug release rate, and reducing systemic side effects by targeting to specific disease site, thus offering a better patient compliance. To date, cavitation technology has emerged to be an energy-efficient and promising technique to generate such nanoscale emulsions encapsulating a variety of highly potent pharmaceutical agents that are water-insoluble.

Formulation development and optimization of a novel Cremophore EL-based nanoemulsion using ultrasound cavitation.

In the present study, response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was employed to investigate the influence of main emulsion composition variables, namely drug loading, oil content, emulsifier content as well as the effect of the ultrasonic operating parameters such as pre-mixing time, ultrasonic amplitude, and irradiation time on the properties of aspirin-loaded nanoemulsions. The two main emulsion properties studied as response variables were: mean droplet size and polydispersity index. The ultimate goal of the present work was to determine the optimum level of the six independent variables in which an optimal aspirin nanoemulsion with desirable properties could be produced.