Mangiferin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuronal injuries in primary cultured hippocampal neurons.

Mangiferin, a naturally occurring potent glucosylxanthone, is mainly isolated from the plant and shows potential pharmacological properties, including anti-bacterial, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant in sepsis-induced lung and kidney injury. However, there was a puzzle as to whether mangiferin had a protective effect on sepsis-associated encephalopathy. To answer this question, we established an cell model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy and investigated the neuroprotective effects of mangiferin in primary cultured hippocampal neurons challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Automatic segmentation of hemispheric CSF on MRI using deep learning: Quantifying cerebral edema following large hemispheric infarction.

Background And Objective: Cerebral edema (CED) is a serious complication of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), especially in patients with large hemispheric infarction (LHI). Herein, a deep learning-based approach is implemented to extract CSF from T2-Weighted Imaging (T2WI) and evaluate the relationship between quantified cerebrospinal fluid and outcomes.

Methods: Patients with acute LHI who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included.

Safety of teriflunomide in Chinese adult patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: A phase IV, 24-week multicenter study.

Background: Disease-modifying therapies have been approved for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). The present study aims to examine the safety of teriflunomide in Chinese patients with RMS.

Methods: This non-randomized, multi-center, 24-week, prospective study enrolled RMS patients with variant (c.

Association of plasma sPD-1 and sPD-L1 with disease status and future relapse in AQP4-IgG (+) NMOSD.

Objective: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune-mediated disorder with aquaporin 4-immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) in most settings. Soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) and soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) play key roles in immunomodulation. We aim to assess the association of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 with cytokines and their clinical significance in AQP4-IgG (+) NMOSD.

Thrombolysis Versus Nonthrombolyzed in Patients With Mild Strokes and Large Vessel Occlusions: Results of a Multicenter Stroke Registration.

Background: The safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusions and mild neurological deficits are controversial.

Methods: Data of stroke patients presenting with mild initial stroke, which was defined as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS) ≤5 and large vessel occlusion, were extracted from a large provincewide stroke registry.

Results: A total of 619 IVT and 2170 non-IVT patients were identified in this study.

Refined imaging features of culprit plaques improve the prediction of recurrence in intracranial atherosclerotic stroke within the middle cerebral artery territory.

Recurrence is a significant adverse outcome of ischemic stroke (IS), particularly in cases of intracranial arteriosclerosis (ICAS). In this study, we investigated the impact of imaging features of culprit plaque using high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (HR-MR-VWI) on the prediction of IS recurrence. A total of 86 patients diagnosed with ICAS-related IS within the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory were included, of which 23.

Bioequivalence of Two 6-Mercaptopurine Tablet Formulations in Healthy Fasting Chinese Volunteers.

The supply of branded 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) is limited in China, necessitating the local production and clinical evaluation of generic alternatives. We evaluated the in vivo bioequivalence (BE) of a new generic mercaptopurine tablet (50 mg) formulation by comparing peak plasma concentration and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) with a branded 6-MP formulation as the reference in 36 healthy fasting Chinese adults. The in vivo BE was evaluated by the average BE test.

Cerebral collateral circulation as an independent predictor for in-stent restenosis after carotid artery stenting.

Background: In-stent restenosis is a crucial problem after carotid artery stenting, but the exact predictors of in-stent restenosis remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of cerebral collateral circulation on in-stent restenosis after carotid artery stenting and to establish a clinical prediction model for in-stent restenosis.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study enrolled 296 patients with severe carotid artery stenosis of C1 segment (≥70%) who underwent stent therapy from June 2015 to December 2018.

Estimated Burden of Stroke in China in 2020.

Importance: Stroke is the leading cause of death in China. However, recent data about the up-to-date stroke burden in China are limited.

Objective: To investigate the urban-rural disparity of stroke burden in the Chinese adult population, including prevalence, incidence, and mortality rate, and disparities between urban and rural populations.

Maackiain Prevents Amyloid-Beta-Induced Cellular Injury via Priming PKC-Nrf2 Pathway.

Amyloid-beta (A) peptide induces neurotoxicity through oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Brain deposition of a large amount of amyloid-beta (A), in particular A , promotes the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Maackiain is extracted from traditional Chinese medicine peony root and possesses antioxidative, antiosteoporosis, antitumor, and immunoregulatory effects.

Negative correlation between early recovery and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 levels after intravenous thrombolysis.

Objective: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is considered a biomarker for systemic inflammation and the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. However, little is known about the effect of acute vascular events on marker levels. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential association of early recovery with Lp-PLA2 levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).

NAD+ improved experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by regulating SIRT1 to inhibit PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective: To investigate the effect of NAD+ on thymus autophagy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice through SIRT1.

Methods: Bioinformatic analysis was used to identify hub genes. Forty female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, EAE, NAD+, and NAD+ +SIRT1 inhibitor (SIRT-IN-3) groups and SIRT1 group.

Serum Aquaporin 4-Immunoglobulin G Titer and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Activity and Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aquaporin 4-immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Seropositive status for this antibody has become one of the required indicators for NMOSD diagnosis. Our goal was to systematically review and perform a meta-analysis of the current works of literature evaluating the clinical relevance of serum AQP4-IgG titer in patients with NMOSD.

Efficacy of azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab in the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and analysis of prognostic factors.

Objective: The study aims to compare the efficacies of the immunosuppressants most commonly prescribed for patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). The predictors, which might be associated with relapse and disability in NMOSD, were also analyzed.

Methods: This retrospective study included NMOSD patients treated with azathioprine (AZA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and rituximab (RTX).

Normal and Abnormal Sharp Wave Ripples in the Hippocampal-Entorhinal Cortex System: Implications for Memory Consolidation, Alzheimer's Disease, and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

The appearance of hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SWRs) is an electrophysiological biomarker for episodic memory encoding and behavioral planning. Disturbed SWRs are considered a sign of neural network dysfunction that may provide insights into the structural connectivity changes associated with cognitive impairment in early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). SWRs originating from hippocampus have been extensively studied during spatial navigation in rodents, and more recent studies have investigated SWRs in the hippocampal-entorhinal cortex (HPC-EC) system during a variety of other memory-guided behaviors.

Status of Immunotherapy Acceptance in Chinese Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Analysis of .

The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in China is low, although it has been increasing recently. Owing to the paucity of data on immunotherapy acceptance in the Chinese population, we conducted this study to analyze factors affecting the acceptance of immunotherapy and selection of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) based on personal and clinical data of patients with MS. In this study, data were obtained from the , which was the first national survey of patients with MS in China.

Serum Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P): A Novel Diagnostic Biomarker in Early Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid metabolite that mediates various physiological processes, including vascular endothelial cell function, inflammation, coagulation/thrombosis, and angiogenesis. As a result, S1P may contribute to the pathogenesis of stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum S1P in acute stroke.

NAD+ attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through induction of CD11b+ gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

Objective: To investigate the effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) on the pathogenesis of the animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS)-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Methods: EAE model was induced by myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG 35-55). Clinical scores of EAE were measured in mice with or without NAD+ treatment.

p38MAPK/SGK1 signaling regulates macrophage polarization in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized with multifocal demyelination resulting from activation and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the central nerve system. Recent reports suggest that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) / serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase 1 (SGK1) signaling pathway contributes to the pathology of MS through regulation of immunity. However, the role of this signaling pathway in MS-related macrophage activation and polarization has not been studied.

An Expanded Neuroimmunomodulation Axis: sCD83-Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Kynurenine Pathway and Updates of Kynurenine Pathway in Neurologic Diseases.

Many neurologic diseases are related to autoimmune dysfunction and a variety of molecules or reaction pathways are involved in the regulation of immune function of the nervous system. Soluble CD83 (sCD83) is the soluble form of CD83, a specific marker of mature dendritic cell, which has recently been shown to have an immunomodulatory effect. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO; corresponding enzyme intrahepatic, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, TDO), a rate-limiting enzyme of extrahepatic tryptophan kynurenine pathway (KP) participates in the immunoregulation through a variety of mechanisms solely or with the synergy of sCD83, and the imbalances of metabolites of KP were associated with immune dysfunction.

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid can suppress progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a poorly understood disease mechanistically. MOG35-55 peptide induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a broadly used model to study MS. Using this model we have earlier shown that the antioxidant tempol or the small molecule inhibitor of p38 SB203580 can effectively prevent EAE progression.

The associations of stroke, transient ischemic attack, and/or stroke-related recurrent vascular events with Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Studies on stroke and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) have produced conflicting results.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the associations of Lp-PLA2 levels (mass and activity) with recurrent vascular events in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and/or first ischemic stroke and with stroke in the general population.

Methods: The MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medical Disc (CBMdisc), and WanFang were searched for prospective observational studies reported until January 2017.

Mechanism of oxidative stress p38MAPK-SGK1 signaling axis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS), a complex disease associated with multifocal demyelination of the central nervous system and poorly understood etiology. It has been previously indicated that many factors, including oxidative stress and p38MAPK-SGK1 pathway, contribute to the pathogenesis of MS.

Methods: This study, using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model system, was aimed at investigating the molecular mechanisms determining interaction p38MAPK-SGK1 pathway and oxidative stress in MS pathogenesis.