Burden of Food-Borne Trematodiases in China: Trends from 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2035.

To assess the burden of food-borne trematodiases in China from 1990 to 2021 and project the burden through 2035, data were captured from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 datasets. The estimated prevalent food-borne trematodiase cases were 33.32 million (95% uncertainty interval (): 29.

Neuroprotective Effects of Astragalus Polysaccharide on Retina Cells and Ganglion Cell Projection in NMDA-Induced Retinal Injury.

Purpose: Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, possesses immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of APS in a model of -Methyl-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced retinal neurodegeneration, aiming to explore its potential as a treatment for retinal degenerative diseases.

Methods: Retinal function was evaluated using electroretinography (ERG), optomotor reflex (OMR), and flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP).

GABAergic Retinal Ganglion Cells Projecting to the Superior Colliculus Mediate the Looming-Evoked Flight Response.

The looming stimulus-evoked flight response to approaching predators is a defensive behavior in most animals. However, how looming stimuli are detected in the retina and transmitted to the brain remains unclear. Here, we report that a group of GABAergic retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) projecting to the superior colliculus (SC) transmit looming signals from the retina to the brain, mediating the looming-evoked flight behavior by releasing GABA.

Overexpression of Bmp4 induces microphthalmia by disrupting embryonic neural retina.

Microphthalmia, mostly an autosomal dominant disorder, is a worldwide severe congenital ocular malformation that causes visual impairment. Our investigation unveiled a total of 30 genes associated with microphthalmia. Employing the CytoHubba and PPI network, we identified Bmp4 as the most pivotal hub gene.

Chrdl1-mediated BMP4 inhibition disrupts the balance between retinal neurons and Müller Glia.

Chordin-like 1 (CHRDL1) is a secreted protein that serves as an endogenous antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In the developing retina, Bmp4 has been demonstrated to be essential for sustaining the proliferation of progenitor cells and facilitating the differentiation of glial cells. Despite these efforts, the precise effects of Bmp4 inhibition on the developing retina are yet to be fully understood.

Toroidic phase transitions in a direct-kagome artificial spin ice.

Ferrotoroidicity-the fourth form of primary ferroic order-breaks both space and time-inversion symmetry. So far, direct observation of ferrotoroidicity in natural materials remains elusive, which impedes the exploration of ferrotoroidic phase transitions. Here we overcome the limitations of natural materials using an artificial nanomagnet system that can be characterized at the constituent level and at different effective temperatures.

Unlocking the predictive potential of long non-coding RNAs: a machine learning approach for precise cancer patient prognosis.

The intricate web of cancer biology is governed by the active participation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), playing crucial roles in cancer cells' proliferation, migration, and drug resistance. Pioneering research driven by machine learning algorithms has unveiled the profound ability of specific combinations of lncRNAs to predict the prognosis of cancer patients. These findings highlight the transformative potential of lncRNAs as powerful therapeutic targets and prognostic markers.

A Non-canonical Excitatory PV RGC-PV SC Visual Pathway for Mediating the Looming-evoked Innate Defensive Response.

Parvalbumin-positive retinal ganglion cells (PV RGCs) are an essential subset of RGCs found in various species. However, their role in transmitting visual information remains unclear. Here, we characterized PV RGCs in the retina and explored the functions of the PV RGC-mediated visual pathway.

Soil Fungal Community Characteristics at Timberlines of Sejila Mountain in Southeast Tibet, China.

Soil fungal community characteristics of alpine timberlines are unclear. In this study, soil fungal communities in five vegetation zones across timberlines on the south and north slopes of Sejila Mountain in Tibet, China were investigated. The results show that the alpha diversity of soil fungi was not different between the north- and south-facing timberlines or among the five vegetation zones.

Visualization and Object Detection Based on Event Information.

A dynamic vision sensor is an optical sensor that focuses on dynamic changes and outputs event information containing only position, time, and polarity. It has the advantages of high temporal resolution, high dynamic range, low data volume, and low power consumption. However, a single event can only indicate that the increase or decrease in light exceeds the threshold at a certain pixel position and a certain moment.

Blind Remote Sensing Image Deblurring Based on Overlapped Patches' Non-Linear Prior.

The remote sensing imaging environment is complex, in which many factors cause image blur. Thus, without prior knowledge, the restoration model established to obtain clear images can only rely on the observed blurry images. We still build the prior with extreme pixels but no longer traverse all pixels, such as the extreme channels.

Ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate ameliorates colitis by promoting M2 macrophage polarization through the STAT6-dependent signaling pathway.

Background: Ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) has received more and more attentions, because it possesses a lot of beneficial, life-preserving effects in the fields of clinical science and medicine. However, the role of BHB in intestinal inflammation has not yet been investigated.

Methods: Colonic mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and healthy controls were collected for evaluation of BHB level.

Radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer and radiation-induced gut damages are regulated by gasdermin E.

Although radiotherapy is an important clinical option available for colorectal cancer (CRC), its use is restricted due to low radiosensitivity of CRC and high toxicity to surrounding normal tissues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanism by which CRC is not sensitive to radiation and radiation causes toxicity to surrounding normal tissues. Here we found that GSDME was silenced in CRC but markedly expressed in their surrounding normal tissues.

Evaluation of the anticarcinogenic potential of the endophyte, Streptomyces sp. LRE541 isolated from Lilium davidii var. unicolor (Hoog) Cotton.

Background: Endophytic actinomycetes, as emerging sources of bioactive metabolites, have been paid great attention over the years. Recent reports demonstrated that endophytic streptomycetes could yield compounds with potent anticancer properties that may be developed as chemotherapeutic drugs.

Results: Here, a total of 15 actinomycete-like isolates were obtained from the root tissues of Lilium davidii var.

Malware detection based on semi-supervised learning with malware visualization.

The traditional signature-based detection method requires detailed manual analysis to extract the signatures of malicious samples, and requires a large number of manual markers to maintain the signature library, which brings a great time and resource costs, and makes it difficult to adapt to the rapid generation and mutation of malware. Methods based on traditional machine learning often require a lot of time and resources in sample labeling, which results in a sufficient inventory of unlabeled samples but not directly usable. In view of these issues, this paper proposes an effective malware classification framework based on malware visualization and semi-supervised learning.

The Short-Term Impact of Animation on the Executive Function of Children Aged 4 to 7.

Research has shown that animation plays an important role in the development of children's executive function (EF), and the development of EF components, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, is asynchronous. Thus, this study explores the developmental trajectories and animation features (fantasy and pacing) that influence each EF component, by examining 218 children aged 4-7. Pretest information, mainly the childhood EF inventory, was provided by parents: child's age, age of first exposure to animation, animation viewing time on weekdays and weekends, family income, and parents' education.

An IRF1-dependent Pathway of TNFα-induced Shedding in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Background: Shedding of intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] is a potent cause of barrier loss which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. TNFα can induce IEC shedding, but little is known about this process.

Methods: To investigate the molecular mechanism regulating IEC shedding, mice lacking interferon regulatory factor1 [IRF1], caspase-3, or gasdermin E [GSDME] and their control wild-type [WT] littermates were intravenously injected with tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNFα] to establish an IEC shedding model.

Gasdermin-E-mediated pyroptosis participates in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease by promoting intestinal inflammation.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a kind of refractory intestinal inflammatory diseases. Pyroptosis was recently identified as a gasdermin-mediated proinflammatory cell death. However, it is unclear whether gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis participates in the pathogenesis of CD.

An Automatic Exposure Method of Plane Array Remote Sensing Image Based on Two-Dimensional Entropy.

The improper setting of exposure time for the space camera will cause serious image quality degradation (overexposure or underexposure) in the imaging process. In order to solve the problem of insufficient utilization of the camera's dynamic range to obtain high-quality original images, an automatic exposure method for plane array remote sensing images based on two-dimensional entropy is proposed. First, a two-dimensional entropy-based image exposure quality evaluation model is proposed.

HMGB1 released from GSDME-mediated pyroptotic epithelial cells participates in the tumorigenesis of colitis-associated colorectal cancer through the ERK1/2 pathway.

Background: Pyroptosis is a form of proinflammatory gasdermin-mediated programmed cell death. Abnormal mucosal inflammation in the intestine is a critical risk factor for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). However, it is unknown whether pyroptosis participates in the development of CAC.

Nitrate reductase-dependent nitric oxide plays a key role on MeJA-induced ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum.

Ganoderma lucidum, which contains numerous biologically active compounds, is known worldwide as a medicinal basidiomycete. Because of its application for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, most of artificially cultivated G. lucidum is output to many countries as food, tea, and dietary supplements for further processing.

Seed bank characteristics in a forest and its relationship with vegetation diversity in Southeast Tibet, China.

Objective: We aimed to understand the basic characteristics of the underground seed bank of forest and its relationship with aboveground vegetation, to provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration.

Methods: The study sites were Dongjiu Bridge (DJ), Linji Bridge (LZ), and Birishen Mountain Scenic Spot (RB) in Gongbu Nature Reserve, Southeast Tibet, China. Species composition and distribution pattern of the underground seed bank in .

Relationship between volatile compounds of Picea likiangensis var. linzhiensis cone and host selection of Dioryctria abietella.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between volatile compounds of Picea likiangensis var. linzhiensis cone and host selection of Dioryctria abietella. During the infestation of P.