The Relationship between Concordance Behaviour with Treatment Compliance and Quality Of Life of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Medan.

Background: Indonesia is the country with the second highest number of tuberculosis in the world. Patient compliance with tuberculosis treatment is still very low. Thus the success rate of treatment is also unsatisfactory.

The Correlation between Adherence and Asthma Patients Quality of Life in Medan, Indonesia.

Background: Asthma is a chronic airway disease that is based on an inflammatory process and a serious health problem around the world. Asthma is often associated with treatment management factor. Adherence is the patient's compliance towards their doctor's advice, which is accompanied by their understanding and follows the doctors' advice consistently.

Genetic Polymorphism of and Its Relationship with Nicotine Metabolism in Male Bataknese Smokers Suffered from Lung Cancer in Indonesia.

Background: Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is known as an enzyme which is responsible for the metabolism of chemical compounds.

Aim: This study aimed to analyse the relationship between CYP2A6 gene polymorphism with nicotine metabolism rates and lung cancer incidence among smokers of Batak ethnic group in Indonesia.

Methods: This study was a case-control study involving 140 research subjects through a purposive sampling technique from three hospitals in Medan, Indonesia.

The Role of Genetic Polymorphism in Nicotine Dependence and Tobacco Consumption among Bataknese Male Smokers.

Aim: This research aimed to analyse the relationship between CYP2A6 gene polymorphism with nicotine dependence and its relation to the number of cigarette consumption among Bataknese smokers.

Method: This study was a cross-sectional study involving 140 research subjects in Medan, Indonesia.

Results: Nicotine dependence rates were found to be significantly associated with the number of cigarette consumption expressed in the Brinkman Index.

Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Lymphotoxin Alpha Gene Polymorphisms with the Presence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Aim: to analyze the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its association with the polymorphisms of -308G/A, -238G/A of TNF gene and +252A/G LT gene polymorphism in smokers.

Methods: cross-sectional study, comparing the genetic group of people who have COPD and who do not have COPD with the same smoking history. The study was conducted from January 2011 to March 2012 at several health centers; such as Adam Malik Hospital, Pirngadi Hospital, Tembakau Deli Hospital, Siti Hajar Hospital in Medan and several health centers in the city of Medan.