Evaluation of Quality of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Abstracts for Pediatric Strabismus Therapies.

Purpose: This study investigates the quality of systematic review abstracts through evaluation of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) abstract guideline adherence, Assessment for Multiple Systematic Reviews Tool (AMSTAR) quality rating, spin, abstract word count, and abstract structure.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the CEV@US database for articles related to pediatric strabismus.

Comparing the Diagnostic Utility of Conventional Direct Ophthalmoscopy with Smartphone Ophthalmoscopy among Medical Students.

 To compare the diagnostic ability of medical students using smartphone ophthalmoscopy (SO) with conventional direct ophthalmoscopy (DO).  Twenty-eight first- and second-year medical students were trained to use the SO and DO. They also attended educational seminars regarding optic nerve and retinal pathology and were given hands-on practice with each ophthalmoscopy method.

Flipped classroom approach to global outreach: cross-cultural teaching of horizontal strabismus to Chinese ophthalmology residents.

Aim: To evaluate the flipped classroom model for teaching horizontal strabismus didactics in an ophthalmology residency program in China as part of a visiting professorship from the United States.

Methods: Residents from an ophthalmology residency program in China were invited to participate in flipped classroom sessions taught by an experienced American ophthalmology faculty in 2018. Residents were instructed to watch a pre-class video lecture prior to the in-class-case-based activity.

The flipped-classroom approach to teaching horizontal strabismus in ophthalmology residency: a multicentered randomized controlled study.

Background: The flipped-classroom involves watching prerecorded lectures at home followed by group learning exercises within the classroom. This study compares the flipped classroom approach with the traditional classroom for teaching horizontal strabismus didactics in ophthalmology residency.

Methods: In this multicenter, randomized controlled survey study from October 2017 to July 2018, 110 ophthalmology residents were taught esotropia and exotropia sequentially, randomized by order and classroom style.

Incidence and Management of Glaucoma or Glaucoma Suspect in the First Year After Pediatric Lensectomy.

Importance: Glaucoma can occur following cataract removal in children, and determining the risk for and factors associated with glaucoma and glaucoma suspect in a large cohort of children after lensectomy can guide clinical practice.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of glaucoma and glaucoma suspect and describe its management in the first year following lensectomy in children before 13 years of age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A multicenter clinical research registry containing data for 1361 eyes of 994 children who underwent unilateral or bilateral lensectomy between June 2012 and July 2015 at 1 of 61 sites in the United States (n = 57), Canada (n = 3), and the United Kingdom (n = 1).

The flipped-classroom approach to teaching horizontal strabismus in ophthalmology residency: a pilot study.

Purpose: To compare the flipped classroom (home pre-taped lectures followed by in-class group exercise) to the traditional classroom (home reading assignment followed by in-class lecture) for horizontal strabismus didactics in ophthalmology residency.

Methods: All PGY2-4 residents from four U.S.

Angiopoietin-1 is required for Schlemm's canal development in mice and humans.

Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a leading cause of blindness in children worldwide and is caused by developmental defects in 2 aqueous humor outflow structures, Schlemm's canal (SC) and the trabecular meshwork. We previously identified loss-of-function mutations in the angiopoietin (ANGPT) receptor TEK in families with PCG and showed that ANGPT/TEK signaling is essential for SC development. Here, we describe roles for the major ANGPT ligands in the development of the aqueous outflow pathway.

Reduced penetrance in a large Caucasian pedigree with Stickler syndrome.

Background: In a four-generation Caucasian family variably diagnosed with autosomal dominant (AD) Stickler or Wagner disease, commercial gene screening failed to identify a mutation in COL2A1 or VCAN. We utilized linkage mapping and exome sequencing to identify the causal variant.

Materials And Methods: Genomic DNA samples collected from 40 family members were analyzed.

Angiopoietin receptor TEK mutations underlie primary congenital glaucoma with variable expressivity.

Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a devastating eye disease and an important cause of childhood blindness worldwide. In PCG, defects in the anterior chamber aqueous humor outflow structures of the eye result in elevated intraocular pressure (IOP); however, the genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the etiology of these defects have not been fully characterized. Previously, we observed PCG-like phenotypes in transgenic mice that lack functional angiopoietin-TEK signaling.

Pediatric Ophthalmologists' Experiences With Abusive Head Trauma.

Purpose: To estimate the number of cases of abusive head trauma seen by pediatric ophthalmologists and analyze factors associated with physician subpoenas and court testimonies.

Methods: Pediatric ophthalmologists were surveyed about their experiences with abusive head trauma. The survey was sent to 875 active members of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS).

Ocular and histologic findings in a series of children with infantile pompe disease treated with enzyme replacement therapy.

Purpose: To report the ophthalmologic and histologic findings in a series of children with infantile Pompe disease treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT).

Methods: Records of children with infantile Pompe disease treated with ERT who had at least one complete ophthalmic examination and the ocular histopathology of children with infantile Pompe disease who were treated with ERT were reviewed. The patients' clinical history, including external ocular examination, ocular alignment and motility, dilated fundus examination, and cycloplegic refraction, was evaluated.

Genetic variants associated with severe retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight infants.

Purpose: To determine genetic variants associated with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a candidate gene cohort study of US preterm infants.

Methods: Preterm infants in the discovery cohort were enrolled through the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, and those in the replication cohort were from the University of Iowa. All infants were phenotyped for ROP severity.

Mutations in SCO2 are associated with autosomal-dominant high-grade myopia.

Myopia, or near-sightedness, is an ocular refractive error of unfocused image quality in front of the retinal plane. Individuals with high-grade myopia (dioptric power greater than -6.00) are predisposed to ocular morbidities such as glaucoma, retinal detachment, and myopic maculopathy.

Mutation in collagen II alpha 1 isoforms delineates Stickler and Wagner syndrome phenotypes.

Purpose: Stickler syndrome is an arthro-ophthalmopathy with phenotypic overlap with Wagner syndrome. The common Stickler syndrome type I is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, with causal mutations in collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2A1). Wagner syndrome is associated with mutations in versican (VCAN), which encodes for a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan.

CYP1B1, MYOC, and LTBP2 mutations in primary congenital glaucoma patients in the United States.

Purpose: To screen primary congenital glaucoma patients in the United States for sequence variants within the CYP1B1, LTBP2, and MYOC genes using Sanger and whole exome sequencing.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Methods: Fifty-seven primary congenital glaucoma patients (47 families), 71 unaffected family members of the primary congenital glaucoma probands, and 101 healthy unrelated individuals were recruited from a single institution.

The effects of D-penicillamine on a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Purpose: To determine the effect of intraperitoneal and intravitreal D-penicillamine (DPA) on retinal neovascularization in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Methods: On postnatal day 7, 16 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 300 mg/kg/day DPA for 3 days followed by 50 mg/kg/day for 7 days. A different group of 7 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 600 mg/kg/day DPA for 3 days followed by 100 mg/kg/day for 7 days.

The accuracy of photoscreening at detecting treatable ocular conditions in children with Down syndrome.

Background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased prevalence of ocular disorders, including amblyopia, strabismus, and refractive error. Health maintenance guidelines from the Down Syndrome Medical Interest Group recommend ophthalmologic examinations every 1 to 2 years for these children. Photoscreening may be a cost-effective option for subsequent screening evaluations after an initial complete examination, but no study has evaluated the accuracy of photoscreening in children with DS.

Clinical and histologic ocular findings in pompe disease.

Purpose: Limited information is available on the ocular findings in patients with Pompe disease.

Method: This study summarizes this information with a systematic literature review; reports the ocular histologic findings seen in a deceased infant with Pompe disease who was receiving enzyme replacement therapy and in a deceased adult with late-onset Pompe disease; and notes the new observation of ptosis in children with infantile-onset Pompe disease who are receiving enzyme replacement therapy.

Results: Six articles were found on the ultrastructural-histopathologic eye findings in Pompe disease.

Latanoprost in pediatric glaucoma--pediatric exposure over a decade.

Background: Although numerous studies of latanoprost in adult glaucoma have shown it to be an effective hypotensive agent with a low incidence of side effects, these issues have not been well studied in pediatric glaucomas. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the safety and intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect of latanoprost in various pediatric glaucomas over a long period.

Subjects And Methods: This retrospective study included all children treated with latanoprost at our institution from 1996 to 2007.

Hepatocyte growth factor and myopia: genetic association analyses in a Caucasian population.

Introduction: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (C-MET) genes have previously been reported to be associated with myopia in Asian family-based and case-control association studies, respectively. We examined whether these genes were associated with myopia in a Caucasian family dataset biased towards high myopia.

Methods: Participating families had at least one offspring with high myopia (< or = -5.

Tortuosity of arterioles and venules in quantifying plus disease.

Background: Plus disease is the major criterion for laser treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. ROPtool is a computer program that traces retinal blood vessels and measures their tortuosity. Our objectives were to determine (1) whether examiners could accurately discriminate between arterioles and venules and (2) whether tortuosity sufficient for plus disease and pre-plus disease was assessed most accurately by considering arterioles, venules, or both.

Travoprost in children: adverse effects and intraocular pressure response.

Because of the limited ability to perform controlled, randomized studies in children, the safety and effectiveness of topical medications in pediatric glaucoma is sometimes difficult to determine. Although travoprost has been commercially available since 2001, there are no published reports on its use in children. This retrospective study found travoprost to have minimal adverse events in children and to reduce IOP in select cases of pediatric glaucoma.

Myocilin polymorphisms and high myopia in subjects of European origin.

Purpose: Three previous studies have tested for an association between high myopia and polymorphisms in the open angle glaucoma gene, myocilin (MYOC), all in subjects of Chinese ethnicity. In two of the studies, a significant association was found while in the third, there was no association. We sought to investigate the association between high myopia and polymorphisms in MYOC in subjects of European ethnicity.