A systematic and meta-analytic review of the impact of sleep restriction on memory formation.

Modern life causes a quarter of adults and half of teenagers to sleep for less than is recommended (Kocevska et al., 2021). Given well-documented benefits of sleep on memory, we must understand the cognitive costs of short sleep.

Better alignment between circadian preference and sleep and work timings during COVID-19 did not benefit work engagement at home.

Modern society is structured around early routines which cause evening types to suffer from health and performance detriments associated with sleep times being misaligned with biological needs (circadian preference). Given that COVID-19 lockdowns were less constrained by social schedules, the current study explores whether temporal behaviours became better aligned with biological needs, and whether these changes benefited work engagement. 406 UK participants reported circadian preference and pre-lockdown and lockdown sleep times, work times, and work engagement.

Incremental prognostic value of downstream positron emission tomography perfusion imaging after coronary computed tomography angiography: a study using machine learning.

Aims: To evaluate the incremental value of positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) over coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in predicting short- and long-term outcome using machine learning (ML) approaches.

Methods And Results: A total of 2411 patients with clinically suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent CCTA, out of whom 891 patients were admitted to downstream PET MPI for haemodynamic evaluation of obstructive coronary stenosis. Two sets of Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) ML models were trained, one with all the clinical and imaging variables (including PET) and the other with only clinical and CCTA-based variables.

Is word learning capacity restored after a daytime nap?

Sleep is thought to be involved in the consolidation of new memories encoded during the day, as proposed by complementary learning systems accounts of memory. Other theories suggest that sleep's role in memory is not restricted to consolidation. The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis proposes that new learning is implemented in the brain through strengthening synaptic connections, a biologically costly process that gradually saturates encoding capacity during wake.

Role of space station instruments for improving tropical carbon flux estimates using atmospheric data.

The tropics is the nexus for many of the remaining gaps in our knowledge of environmental science, including the carbon cycle and atmospheric chemistry, with dire consequences for our ability to describe the Earth system response to a warming world. Difficulties associated with accessibility, coordinated funding models and economic instabilities preclude the establishment of a dense pan-tropical ground-based atmospheric measurement network that would otherwise help to describe the evolving state of tropical ecosystems and the associated biosphere-atmosphere fluxes on decadal timescales. The growing number of relevant sensors aboard sun-synchronous polar orbiters provide invaluable information over the remote tropics, but a large fraction of the data collected along their orbits is from higher latitudes.

Detection of Anthropogenic CO Emission Signatures with TanSat CO and with Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) NO Measurements: First Results.

China's first carbon dioxide (CO) measurement satellite mission, TanSat, was launched in December 2016. This paper introduces the first attempt to detect anthropogenic CO emission signatures using CO observations from TanSat and NO measurements from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite. We focus our analysis on two selected cases in Tangshan, China and Tokyo, Japan.

Scaling up continuous ultrasound-assisted extractor for plant extracts by using spinach leaves as a test material.

The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process of chlorophylls (a, b) and carotenoids in aqueous ethanol solutions from spinach leaves was upscaled from a batch laboratory reactor to a continuous modular flow-cell of pilot scale. The extraction in the laboratory scale was organized in a loop reactor, where pulp was circulated between a stirred vessel and the ultrasound reactor. The pilot scale extraction was made in a novel continuous tubular flow-cell reactor.

Sleep deprivation and memory: Meta-analytic reviews of studies on sleep deprivation before and after learning.

Research suggests that sleep deprivation both before and after encoding has a detrimental effect on memory for newly learned material. However, there is as yet no quantitative analyses of the size of these effects. We conducted two meta-analyses of studies published between 1970 and 2020 that investigated effects of total, acute sleep deprivation on memory (i.

Machine learning model predicts short-term mortality among prehospital patients: A prospective development study from Finland.

Aim: To show whether adding blood glucose to the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) parameters in a machine learning model predicts 30-day mortality more precisely than the standard NEWS in a prehospital setting.

Methods: In this study, vital sign data prospectively collected from 3632 unselected prehospital patients in June 2015 were used to compare the standard NEWS to random forest models for predicting 30-day mortality. The NEWS parameters and blood glucose levels were used to develop the random forest models.

Random forest machine learning method outperforms prehospital National Early Warning Score for predicting one-day mortality: A retrospective study.

Aim Of The Study: The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is a validated method for predicting clinical deterioration in hospital wards, but its performance in prehospital settings remains controversial. Modern machine learning models may outperform traditional statistical analyses for predicting short-term mortality. Thus, we aimed to compare the mortality prediction accuracy of NEWS and random forest machine learning using prehospital vital signs.

Generalisation in language learning can withstand total sleep deprivation.

Research suggests that sleep plays a vital role in memory. We tested the impact of total sleep deprivation on adults' memory for a newly learned writing system and on their ability to generalise this knowledge to read untrained novel words. We trained participants to read fictitious words printed in a novel artificial orthography, while depriving them of sleep the night after learning (Experiment 1) or the night before learning (Experiment 2).

The impact of sleep on eyewitness identifications.

Sleep aids the consolidation of recently acquired memories. Evidence strongly indicates that sleep yields substantial improvements on recognition memory tasks relative to an equivalent period of wake. Despite the known benefits that sleep has on memory, researchers have not yet investigated the impact of sleep on eyewitness identifications.

Spontaneous trigger words associated with confirmed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a descriptive pilot study of emergency calls.

Background: According to the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), the trigger words used by callers that are associated with cardiac arrest constitute a scientific knowledge gap. This study was designed to find hypothetical trigger words in emergency calls in order to improve the specificity of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest recognition.

Methods: In this descriptive pilot study conducted in a Finnish hospital district, linguistic contents of 80 emergency calls of dispatcher-suspected or EMS-encountered out-of-hospital cardiac arrests between January 1, 2017 and May 31, 2017 were analysed.

Higher sleep spindle activity is associated with fewer false memories in adolescent girls.

Background: Sleep facilitates the extraction of semantic regularities amongst newly encoded memories, which may also lead to increased false memories. We investigated sleep stage proportions and sleep spindles in the recollection of adolescents' false memories, and their potential sex-specific differences.

Methods: 196 adolescents (mean age 16.

Reinstatement of odour context cues veridical memories but not false memories.

The sense of smell has made a recent return to the forefront of research on episodic memory. Odour context cues can reactivate recently encoded memories during sleep-dependent memory consolidation [e.g.

Professional firefighter and trained volunteer first-responding units in emergency medical service.

Background: Although widely dispatched to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, the performance of prehospital first-responding units in other medical emergencies is unknown.

Methods: In this retrospective, descriptive study, the general performance of 44 first-responding units in Pirkanmaa County, Finland, were examined. A subgroup analysis compared the first-responding units made up of professional firefighters and trained volunteers.

Gremlin-1 is a key regulator of the invasive cell phenotype in mesothelioma.

Malignant mesothelioma originates from mesothelial cells and is a cancer type that aggressively invades into the surrounding tissue, has poor prognosis and no effective treatment. Gremlin-1 is a cysteine knot protein that functions by inhibiting BMP-pathway activity during development. BMP-independent functions have also been described for gremlin-1.

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 early science investigations of regional carbon dioxide fluxes.

NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) mission was motivated by the need to diagnose how the increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) is altering the productivity of the biosphere and the uptake of CO by the oceans. Launched on 2 July 2014, OCO-2 provides retrievals of the column-averaged CO dry-air mole fraction ([Formula: see text]) as well as the fluorescence from chlorophyll in terrestrial plants. The seasonal pattern of uptake by the terrestrial biosphere is recorded in fluorescence and the drawdown of [Formula: see text] during summer.

Targeted memory reactivation of newly learned words during sleep triggers REM-mediated integration of new memories and existing knowledge.

Recent memories are spontaneously reactivated during sleep, leading to their gradual strengthening. Whether reactivation also mediates the integration of new memories with existing knowledge is unknown. We used targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during slow-wave sleep (SWS) to selectively cue reactivation of newly learned spoken words.

The impact of music on learning and consolidation of novel words.

Music can be a powerful mnemonic device, as shown by a body of literature demonstrating that listening to text sung to a familiar melody results in better memory for the words compared to conditions where they are spoken. Furthermore, patients with a range of memory impairments appear to be able to form new declarative memories when they are encoded in the form of lyrics in a song, while unable to remember similar materials after hearing them in the spoken modality. Whether music facilitates the acquisition of completely new information, such as new vocabulary, remains unknown.

From specific examples to general knowledge in language learning.

The extraction of general knowledge from individual episodes is critical if we are to learn new knowledge or abilities. Here we uncover some of the key cognitive mechanisms that characterise this process in the domain of language learning. In five experiments adult participants learned new morphological units embedded in fictitious words created by attaching new affixes (e.

Overexpression of activin-A and -B in malignant mesothelioma - attenuated Smad3 signaling responses and ERK activation promote cell migration and invasive growth.

Activin-A and activin-B, members of the TGF-β superfamily, are regulators of reproductive functions, inflammation and wound healing. These dimeric molecules regulate various cellular activities such as proliferation, migration and suvival. Malignant mesothelioma is an asbestos exposure related tumor affecting mainly pleura and it usually has a dismal prognosis.

The role of sleep spindles and slow-wave activity in integrating new information in semantic memory.

Assimilating new information into existing knowledge is a fundamental part of consolidating new memories and allowing them to guide behavior optimally and is vital for conceptual knowledge (semantic memory), which is accrued over many years. Sleep is important for memory consolidation, but its impact upon assimilation of new information into existing semantic knowledge has received minimal examination. Here, we examined the integration process by training human participants on novel words with meanings that fell into densely or sparsely populated areas of semantic memory in two separate sessions.

Gremlin-1 associates with fibrillin microfibrils in vivo and regulates mesothelioma cell survival through transcription factor slug.

Malignant mesothelioma is a form of cancer that is highly resistant to conventional cancer therapy for which no major therapeutic advances have been introduced. Here, we identify gremlin-1, a known bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor crucial for embryonic development, as a potential therapeutic target for mesothelioma. We found high expression levels of gremlin-1 in the mesothelioma tumor tissue, as well as in primary mesothelioma cells cultured from pleural effusion samples.

Novel word integration in the mental lexicon: evidence from unmasked and masked semantic priming.

We sought to establish whether novel words can become integrated into existing semantic networks by teaching participants new meaningful words and then using these new words as primes in two semantic priming experiments, in which participants carried out a lexical decision task to familiar words. Importantly, at no point in training did the novel words co-occur with the familiar words that served as targets in the primed lexical decision task, allowing us to evaluate semantic priming in the absence of direct association. We found that familiar words were primed by the newly related novel words, both when the novel word prime was unmasked (experiment 1) and when it was masked (experiment 2), suggesting that the new words had been integrated into semantic memory.