Combination MRI-targeted and systematic prostate biopsy may overestimate gleason grade on final surgical pathology and impact risk stratification.

Purpose: Gleason grade (GG) on prostate biopsy is important for risk stratification and clinical decision making. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) improved detection of clinically significant disease and some studies suggest that MRI-fusion biopsy combined with systematic biopsy results in fewer upgrades on final surgical pathology. However, the downgrade rate is unclear and there is controversy in the literature.

Stent duration and increased pain in the hours after ureteral stent removal.

Unlabelled: INTRODUCTION To assess the relationship between pain after ureteral stent removal and patient and procedural factors.

Materials And Methods: A validated survey designed to assess the relationship between quality of life and treatment decisions in kidney stone disease was randomly distributed to patients with a history of a ureteral stent in seven medical centers across North America participating in an endourology research collaborative between July 2016 and June 2018. The primary outcome was increased pain after ureteral stent removal.

Female underactive bladder - Current status and management.

Underactive bladder (UAB) is defined by the International Continence Society as a symptom complex characterized by a slow urinary stream, hesitancy, and straining to void, with or without a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying sometimes with storage symptoms. Until recently, the topic has received little attention in the literature probably due to a lack of consistent definitions and diagnostic criteria. We performed a literature review to identify articles related to the diagnosis and management of UAB, specifically in female patients.

Ureterorenoscopy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: how often are we missing lesions?

Objective: To determine the ability of ureterorenoscopy (URS) to identify the precise number and location of all lesions as compared with pathologic review of nephroureterectomy specimens, which have not been previously determined. Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) comprises 5% of all urothelial malignancies in the United States. With advances in endoscopic equipment, there has been a move toward using flexible ureteroscopes to perform URS as part of the diagnostic evaluation and management.

Effect of postcall fatigue on surgical skills measured by a robotic simulator.

Purpose: To examine the effect of a 24-hour call on residents' performance of a suturing task using the objective results calculated by the da Vinci Skills Simulator (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA).

Subjects And Methods: Residents from urology and general surgery completed a single suturing skill immediately before and after a 24-hour call. Residents completed the task at least twice and were scored on three measures: time to complete the exercise, time to load the needle, and time to tie the knot.

Bladder cancers arise from distinct urothelial sub-populations.

Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in humans. This heterogeneous set of lesions including urothelial carcinoma (Uca) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arise from the urothelium, a stratified epithelium composed of K5-expressing basal cells, intermediate cells and umbrella cells. Superficial Uca lesions are morphologically distinct and exhibit different clinical behaviours: carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a flat aggressive lesion, whereas papillary carcinomas are generally low-grade and non-invasive.

Formation and regeneration of the urothelium.

Purpose Of Review: This review addresses significant changes in our understanding of urothelial development and regeneration. Understanding urothelial differentiation will be important in the push to find new methods of bladder reconstruction and augmentation, as well as identification of bladder cancer stem cells.

Recent Findings: This review will cover recent findings including the identification of novel progenitor cells in the embryo and adult urothelium, function of the urothelium, and regeneration of the urothelium.