Examining the Implementation of Conditional Financial Incentives Using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) Framework to Improve HIV Outcomes among Persons Living with HIV (PLWH) in Louisiana.

Economic strengthening interventions are needed to support HIV outcomes among persons living with HIV (PLWH). The Baton Rouge Positive Pathway Study (BRPPS), a mixed method implementation science study, was conducted to assess key RE-AIM components tied to the provision of conditional financial incentives among PLWH in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Seven hundred and eighty-one (781) PLWH enrolled at four HIV clinic sites were included in the final analyses.

A Layer Plus Approach to Implementation Research and Collaboration for Long-Acting Injectable Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention.

In 2020, the HIV prevention clinical trials, HPTN (HIV Prevention Trials Network) 083 and 084, reported that long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) for HIV prevention was statistically superior to daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men, and cisgender women. However, clinical efficacy does not translate to real-world effectiveness and clinical practice as evidenced by current global use of oral PrEP. There are ~626,000 users of PrEP, which is significantly below the 3 million goal set by UNAIDS for 2020.

The predictive validity of quality of evidence grades for the stability of effect estimates was low: a meta-epidemiological study.

Objective: To determine the predictive validity of the U.S. Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) approach to GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation).

Average effect estimates remain similar as evidence evolves from single trials to high-quality bodies of evidence: a meta-epidemiologic study.

Objectives: The objective of our study was to use a diverse sample of medical interventions to assess empirically whether first trials rendered substantially different treatment effect estimates than reliable, high-quality bodies of evidence.

Study Design And Setting: We used a meta-epidemiologic study design using 100 randomly selected bodies of evidence from Cochrane reports that had been graded as high quality of evidence. To determine the concordance of effect estimates between first and subsequent trials, we applied both quantitative and qualitative approaches.

Grades for quality of evidence were associated with distinct likelihoods that treatment effects will remain stable.

Objectives: We sought to determine whether producers or users of systematic reviews using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach or a close variation give the same meanings to terms intended to convey uncertainty about treatment effects when interpreting grades for the quality or strength of evidence.

Study Design And Setting: Following exploratory interviews with stakeholders and user testing, we conducted an international Web-based survey among producers and users of systematic reviews. For each quality grade (high, moderate, low, very low/insufficient), we asked participants to assign a minimum likelihood that treatment effects will not change substantially as new studies emerge.

Models of Cancer Survivorship Care: Overview and Summary of Current Evidence.

Introduction: This article, derived from a Technical Brief prepared for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, presents an overview on current models of care for survivors of adult-onset cancer who have completed active treatment.

Methods: This article integrates reviewed literature on background, context, research gaps, and future research directions for survivorship care models. We also conducted a systematic literature review of current evidence from studies of survivorship care models.

Behavioral counseling after screening for alcohol misuse in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

Background: Alcohol misuse, which includes the full spectrum from risky drinking to alcohol dependence, is a leading cause of preventable death in the United States.

Purpose: To evaluate the benefits and harms of behavioral counseling interventions for adolescents and adults who misuse alcohol.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and reference lists of published literature (January 1985 through January 2012, limited to English-language articles).

Translating evidence-based interventions into practice: the design and development of the Merck Childhood Asthma Network, Inc. (MCAN).

Pediatric asthma is a multifactorial disease, requiring complex, interrelated interventions addressing children, families, schools, and communities. The Merck Childhood Asthma Network, Inc. (MCAN) is a nonprofit organization that provides support to translate evidence-based interventions from research to practice.