Pre-eclampsia challenges and care in low and middle-income countries: Understanding diagnosis, management, and health impacts in remote and developing regions.

As an example of a low- and middle-income country (LMIC), India ranks pre-eclampsia among the top three causes of maternal mortality, following haemorrhage and infections. It is one of the primary concerns for maternal and perinatal health in LMICs. Many LMICs lack clear consensus and guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia.

An insight into genes responsible for fosfomycin resistance among uropathogens of asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy: A North Indian study.

Purpose: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a common finding during pregnancy. Effective antibiotic treatment could reduce its adverse effects on both mother and fetus. However, emerging antimicrobial resistance limits the treatment options.

Antepartum Depression and Its Clinico-Social Correlates: A Cross Sectional Study in a Tertiary Hospital of North India.

Background: Maternal depression, the second leading cause of disease burden in women worldwide is often under-diagnosed and untreated. It can have consequences for pregnancy outcomes and child health.

Objectives: 1) To estimate the prevalence of antepartum depression among females attending antenatal clinic of a tertiary hospital.

Introducing Birth Companion in Labour: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Background: Birth companion (BC) has been globally recognised as an essential component of childbirth care. As our institution did not allow BC in labour, this study was planned as a quality improvement (QI) project to introduce the concept. We aimed to achieve birth companionship from existing 0 to 100% over a period of six months.

Stillbirths in India: Current Status, Challenges, and the Way Forward.

Stillbirth is a major public health challenge and a multifaceted issue that leads to significant financial, physical, mental, financial, and psychosocial implications. India has made substantial progress in stillbirth reduction. Yet, many challenges continue and the absolute number of stillbirths remain high.

Burden, Differentials and Causes of Stillbirths in India: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.

India contributes the highest absolute number of stillbirths in the world. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the burden, timing and causes of stillbirths in India. Forty-nine reports from 46 studies conducted in 21 Indian states and Union Territories were included.

Decreasing the Rate of Surgical Site Infection in Patients Operated by Cesarean Section in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a substantial cause of maternal morbidity and are associated with a significant increase in hospital stay and cost. The prevention of SSI is complex and requires the integration of a range of measures before, during, and after surgery. Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is one of the referral centers of India with a huge influx of patients.

Immunohistopathological changes in the placenta of malaria-infected women in unstable transmission setting of Aligarh.

Introduction: Pregnant women are more susceptible to malaria due to a combination of physiological and immunological changes. The infection may even affect the growth and survival of the foetus, which mainly occur when parasite enters the placenta. The sequestration of infected erythrocytes may trigger the host response, leading to placental inflammation and altered development, affecting the structure and nutrient transport of placenta.

Decreased Foetal Movements Secondary to Uterine Septum: A Case Report and Proposed Algorithm of Management.

Congenital uterine anomaly has been well established as cause of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss. However, only few studies have reported the association of mullerian anomalies and adverse pregnancy outcome in third trimester. We are hereby reporting a case of 25-year- old female second gravida who presented at 36 weeks six days pregnancy with complaint of decreased foetal movements for the past two weeks.

Abdominal pregnancy: Methods of hemorrhage control.

Abdominal pregnancy is an extremely rare form of ectopic pregnancy, mostly occurring secondarily after tubal rupture or abortion with secondary implantation anywhere in the peritoneal cavity. Massive intra-abdominal hemorrhage is a life threatening complication associated with secondary abdominal pregnancy. Various methods and techniques have been reported in the literature for controlling hemorrhage.

Foetal autopsy-categories and causes of death.

Introduction: Intrauterine death(IUD)/ Stillbirth forms a major part of perinatal mortality which thereby is a good indicator of pregnancy wastage as well as quality of healthcare available. The key objectives of autopsy examination are to know the cause(s) of death, elucidation of pathogenic mechanism and quality control of clinical management. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalent causes of IUD, thereby taking appropriate measures to prevent them and decrease the perinatal mortality rate.

Acquired gynatresia.

Vaginal stenosis (gynatresia) is commonly congenital, occurring as a part of Mayer-Kustner-Hauser syndrome. Those occurring postabortal or postpartum are rarely seen nowadays. Here, we report two cases, one in which there was complete stenosis postpartum following a retained gauze and another case, with chemical vaginal burns following attempted abortion by a local untrained midwife.

A primary ovarian pregnancy with a contralateral ruptured corpus luteum: a case report.

A primary ovarian pregnancy is one of the rarest varieties of ectopic pregnancies. The conditions which are most commonly confused with an ovarian pregnancy are, a ruptured corpus luteal cyst, a haemorrhagic corpus luteum and a ruptured endometriotic cyst. This case presents the clinical and the histological findings of a ruptured ovarian pregnancy, along with a ruptured corpus luteal cyst in the contralateral ovary.

A study on antioxidant and apoptotic effect of Azadirachta Indica (neem) in cases of cervical cancer.

Purpose: To study the anti-oxidant properties of neem (Azadirachta indica) in inducing apoptosis of cervical cancer cells and estimation of caspase activity and TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in monocytes of cervical cancer patients and controls.

Methods: Monocytes were cultured from blood samples of 65 study cases and 30 controls for the estimation of caspase 3, 8 and 9 with specific inhibitors and TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in culture supernatant of monocytes. Two cervical biopsies were taken from 18 cases of moderately differentiated SCC.

Smear patterns and spectrum of premalignant and malignant cervical epithelial lesions in postmenopausal Indian women: a hospital-based study.

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women but can be prevented through simple cost-effective measures, such as creating awareness, and regular screening with the Pap smear, both in the premenopausal and postmenopausal age group. This study was carried out to study the cervical smear patterns and type of cervical epithelial lesions in a group of postmenopausal Indian females and the relationship with clinical profile of patients. Pap smears were taken from 320 postmenopausal Indian females and meticulously screened.

Neoplastic and nonneoplastic ovarian masses: Diagnosis on cytology.

Objective: To evaluate the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the distinction between neoplastic and nonneoplastic ovarian masses.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with ovarian masses were studied. After detailed history and clinical examination, ultrasound (USG)-guided FNAC was performed in 92 clinical benign cases while FNAC and/or imprints of surgically resected ovarian masses was performed in 28 clinically suspected malignant cases.