Exploring the impact of hippocampal sclerosis on white matter tracts and memory in individuals with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: To investigate how the presence/side of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) are related to the white matter structure of cingulum bundle (CB), arcuate fasciculus (AF), and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).

Methods: We acquired diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 86 healthy and 71 individuals with MTLE (22 righ-HS; right-HS, 34 left-HS; left-HS, and 15 nonlesional MTLE). We utilized two-tensor tractography and fiber clustering to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) of each side/tract between groups.

White matter predicts tDCS antidepressant effects in a sham-controlled clinical trial study.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used as treatment for depression, but its effects are heterogeneous. We investigated, in a subsample of the clinical trial Escitalopram versus Electrical Direct Current Therapy for Depression Study (ELECTTDCS), whether white matter areas associated with depression disorder were associated with tDCS response. Baseline diffusion tensor imaging data were analyzed from 49 patients (34 females, mean age 41.

Brain Perfusion Alterations Induced by Standalone and Combined Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex.

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) interventions are promising for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Notwithstanding, the NIBS mechanisms of action over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a hub that modulates affective and cognitive processes, have not been completely mapped. We aimed to investigate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes over the DLPFC and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) of different NIBS protocols using Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT).

Major Depressive Disorder Associated With Reduced Cortical Thickness in Women With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), especially in women, carrying significant morbidity. This study aimed to investigate the cortical thickness (CT) abnormalities associated with MDD in women with MTLE and hippocampal atrophy (HA). Also, we investigated the impact of MDD upon the volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala in these patients.

Behavioral manifestations in a Brazilian non-demented C9orf72-negative ALS population.

Cognitive decline and behavioral changes are common features in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and imply worse prognosis as well as increased disease burden for patients and caregivers. Currently, there is a lack of studies regarding behavioral profile in Brazilian ALS cohorts. We assessed the prevalence and profile of behavioral impairment () in a Brazilian non-demented C9orf72-negative ALS cohort according to broad behavioral assessment and the latest consensus.

Patterns of default mode network in temporal lobe epilepsy with and without hippocampal sclerosis.

The default mode network (DMN) consists of the deactivation of specific regions during the performance of cognitive tasks and activation during resting or mind wandering. Several pieces of evidence indicate the impairment of DMN in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). However, most of these studies combined different underlying etiologies, failing to disentangle the influence of seizures and presence and side of hippocampal sclerosis (HS).

Hippocampal atrophy disrupts the language network but not hemispheric language lateralization.

Objective: It is still unclear how temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with and without hippocampal atrophy (HA) affects cortical language distribution. We aimed to investigate the role of the hippocampus on language lateralization, activation pattern, and functional connectivity (FC) in patients with TLE.

Methods: We investigated 93 patients with TLE-divided into right HA (RHA), left HA (LHA), and negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (non-HA)-and 101 controls using a semantic-language functional MRI (fMRI) task and the Boston Naming Test (BNT).

Anxiety and depression symptoms disrupt resting state connectivity in patients with genetic generalized epilepsies.

Objective: To analyze the lifetime trajectories in genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs) and investigate the impact of symptoms of anxiety and depression on resting state functional connectivity (FC).

Methods: Seventy-four GGE patients were classified according to the pharmacological response as seizure-free (12 patients), pharmacoresistant (PhR; 14 patients), and fluctuating (FL; 48 patients). Fifty-four subjects completed both the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and 38 also underwent 3-T resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Impact of two or less missing treatment sessions on tDCS clinical efficacy: results from a factorial, randomized, controlled trial in major depression.

Objectives: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory intervention with recent clinical trials showing promising results in major depression treatment. Although tDCS has some appealing characteristics (e.g.

Enhancement of affective processing induced by bifrontal transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with major depression.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate whether one single section of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a neuromodulatory technique that noninvasively modifies cortical excitability, could induce acute changes in the negative attentional bias in patients with major depression.

Subjects And Methods: Randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, parallel design enrolling 24 age-, gender-matched, drug-free, depressed subjects. Anode and cathode were placed over the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

The sertraline versus electrical current therapy for treating depression clinical study (select-TDCS): results of the crossover and follow-up phases.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising nonpharmacological therapy for major depression. In the Sertraline versus Electrical Current Therapy for Treating Depression Clinical Trial (SELECT-TDCS) trial, phase-I (Brunoni et al., JAMA Psychiatry, 2013) we found that tDCS is effective for the acute episode.

The sertraline vs. electrical current therapy for treating depression clinical study: results from a factorial, randomized, controlled trial.

Importance: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) trials for major depressive disorder (MDD) have shown positive but mixed results.

Objective: To assess the combined safety and efficacy of tDCS vs a common pharmacological treatment (sertraline hydrochloride, 50 mg/d).

Design: Double-blind, controlled trial.

Acute working memory improvement after tDCS in antidepressant-free patients with major depressive disorder.

Based on previous studies showing that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that employs weak, direct currents to induce cortical-excitability changes, might be useful for working memory (WM) enhancement in healthy subjects and also in treating depressive symptoms, our aim was to evaluate whether tDCS could acutely enhance WM in depressed patients. Twenty-eight age- and gender-matched, antidepressant-free depressed subjects received a single-session of active/sham tDCS in a randomized, double-blind, parallel design. The anode was positioned over the left and the cathode over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Bifrontal tDCS prevents implicit learning acquisition in antidepressant-free patients with major depressive disorder.

The findings for implicit (procedural) learning impairment in major depression are mixed. We investigated this issue using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a method that non-invasively increases/decreases cortical activity. Twenty-eight age- and gender-matched, antidepressant-free depressed subjects received a single-session of active/sham tDCS.

Sertraline vs. ELectrical Current Therapy for Treating Depression Clinical Trial--SELECT TDCS: design, rationale and objectives.

Background: Despite significant advancements in psychopharmacology, treating major depressive disorder (MDD) is still a challenge considering the efficacy, tolerability, safety, and economical costs of most antidepressant drugs. One approach that has been increasingly investigated is modulation of cortical activity with tools of non-invasive brain stimulation - such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Due to its profile, tDCS seems to be a safe and affordable approach.