Exploring effector protein dynamics and natural fungicidal potential in rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae.

Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive fungal diseases in rice, resulting in major economic losses worldwide. Genetic and genomic studies have identified key genes and proteins, such as AvrPik variants and MAX proteins, that are crucial for the pathogen's virulence. These effector proteins interact with specific alleles of the Pik gene family on rice chromosome 11, modulating the host's immune response.

SmartSkin-XAI: An Interpretable Deep Learning Approach for Enhanced Skin Cancer Diagnosis in Smart Healthcare.

Skin cancer, particularly melanoma, poses significant challenges due to the heterogeneity of skin images and the demand for accurate and interpretable diagnostic systems. Early detection and effective management are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Traditional AI models often struggle with balancing accuracy and interpretability, which are critical for clinical adoption.

Causality orientations and spontaneous mental contrasting.

Mental contrasting is a motivational behavior change strategy necessary for strong goal commitment. Meanwhile, general causality orientations are motivational patterns that represent individuals' motivation for behavior change and the reason for their goal commitment. The current study explored whether causality orientations predict spontaneous mental contrasting in Chinese university students.

Validity and reliability of Squegg device in measuring isometric handgrip strength.

Objective: The quantitative measurement of handgrip strength is important in assessing and charting the progress of patients with neuromuscular diseases. The aim of this research was to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and the validity of the Squegg digital dynamometer.

Subjects And Methods: Twenty-one females and nine male participants with an age range between 18 and 40 years volunteered for the study.

Antimalarial drug efficacy and resistance in malaria-endemic countries in HANMAT-PIAM_net countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region 2016-2020: Clinical and genetic studies.

Introduction: The World Health Organization recommends regular monitoring of the efficacy of nationally recommended antimalarial drugs. We present the results of studies on the efficacy of recommended antimalarials and molecular markers of artemisinin and partner resistance in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen.

Methods: Single-arm prospective studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (ASSP) in Afghanistan and Pakistan, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in all countries, or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) in Sudan for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum.

Translational and Rotational Postural Aberrations Are Related to Pulmonary Functions and Skill-Related Physical Fitness Components in Collegiate Athletes.

This study assessed the relationship between body posture displacements, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), and skill-related physical fitness tests. One hundred male (60%) and female collegiate athletes (22.2 ± 4 yrs) with normal body mass indexes (BMI up to 24.

Implementation barriers and facilitators to a COVID-19 intervention in Bangladesh: The benefits of engaging the community for the delivery of the programme.

Background: BRAC (Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee), the largest NGO globally, implemented a community-based comprehensive social behavior communication intervention to increase community resilience through prevention, protection, and care for COVID-19. We conducted implementation research to assess fidelity and explore the barriers and facilitators of this intervention implementation.

Methods: We adopted a concurrent mixed-method triangulation design.

Trends in malaria indicators after scale-up of community-based malaria management in Afghanistan.

Background: The Community-Based Malaria Management (CBMM) strategy, introduced in 2013 and expanded to all health facilities and health posts in Afghanistan by 2016, aimed to deliver rapid diagnostic testing and more timely treatment to all communities nationwide. In this study, trends for several malaria outcome indicators were compared before and after the expansion of the CBMM strategy, using cross-sectional analysis of surveillance data.

Methods: Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models with a Poisson distribution were used to assess trends of three key outcomes before (2012-2015) and after (2016-2019) CBMM expansion.

Low Physical Activity Levels Are Linked to Early Hypertension Risk in College-Going Young Adults.

Sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity along with body mass are identified as critical determinants of vascular health along with body mass in young adults. However, the relationship between potential physical health and anthropometric variables with high blood Eid pressure remain unexplored in young adults from the United Arab Emirates region. We administered a cross-sectional study in young adults assessing their self-reported physical activity levels, anthropometric variables (body mass index and waist circumference) and ambulatory blood pressure.

A national survey in United Arab Emirates on practice of passive range of motion by physiotherapists in intensive care unit.

Background: Patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) are at an increased risk of developing immobility related complications. Physiotherapists are challenged to employ preventive and rehabilitative strategies to combat these effects. Passive limb range of motion (PROM) exercises- a part of early mobilization-aid in maintaining joint range of motion and functional muscle strength and forms a part of treatment for patients in ICU.

Eat, Sleep, Console and Adjunctive Buprenorphine Improved Outcomes in Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.

Background: The worsening opioid crisis has increased the number of infants exposed to maternal opioids. Standard treatment of newborns exposed to opioids prenatally often requires prolonged hospitalization and separation of the mother-infant dyad. These practices can potentially increase severity of withdrawal symptoms, interrupt breastfeeding, and disturb mother-infant bonding.

Early Basal Cuspal Tear of a Porcine Bioprosthetic Mitral Valve Causing Massive Mitral Regurgitation.

Although porcine mitral bioprostheses provide predictably good long-term outcomes, unexpected leaflet tears leading to abrupt haemodynamic changes may occur. Here, we report on a patient who was presented with acute dyspnea due to a cuspal tear of a porcine bioprosthetic mitral valve causing severe mitral regurgitation. Her condition was subsequently complicated by a systemic infection, probably pneumonia, and was successfully managed with an urgent redo-mitral valve replacement.

Removal of unusual multiple aortic valve fibroelastoma using right mini-thoracotomy.

Papillary Fibroelastomas are rare, primary cardiac tumors. They are typically diagnosed as an incidental finding but can also present as thrombo-embolic events. We present the case of 78-years- old man who presented to emergency room with a cerebrovascular event (CVE).

Prospective randomized trial of endoscopic vs open radial artery harvest for CABG: Clinical outcome, patient satisfaction, and midterm RA graft patency.

Background And Aim: Endoscopic radial artery (RA) harvest (ERAH) is an alternative to open RA harvest (ORAH) technique. Our aim was to ascertain clinical outcomes, patent satisfaction, and 1-year angiographic patency rates after ERAH and ORAH.

Patients And Methods: A total of 50 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were prospectively randomized to two groups.

Correction: Effective maternal, newborn and child health programming among Rohingya refugees in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh: Implementation challenges and potential solutions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Effective maternal, newborn and child health programming among Rohingya refugees in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh: Implementation challenges and potential solutions.

Background: The health status of Rohingya refugees or Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMNs), especially women and children, is a significant challenge for humanitarian workers in Bangladesh. Though the Government of Bangladesh, in partnership with other organizations, is offering health care services to FDMNs, a comprehensive understanding of the program implementation is required for continuation in the future. This study explores the challenges and potential solutions for effective implementation of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) programs for FDMNs residing in camps of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.

Is forward head posture relevant to autonomic nervous system function and cervical sensorimotor control? Cross sectional study.

Background: There is a growing interest concerning the understanding of the sagittal configuration of the cervical spine as a clinical outcome. However, evaluating sensorimotor control and autonomic nervous system for participants with forward head posture (FHP) compared to strictly matched control participants with normal head alignment has not been adequately addressed.

Methods: Sensorimotor control variables include smooth pursuit neck torsion test(SPNT), Overall stability index (OSI) and left and right rotation repositioning accuracy.

The Role of Computed Tomographic Angiography in Predicting Left Anterior Descending Artery Graftability When Catheter Angiography is Inconclusive.

Purpose: Graftability of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) has important prognostic value for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. However, with a chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the LAD, invasive coronary angiography (ICA) may be insufficient to determine its graftability. We evaluated the role of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in the assessment of CTO and LAD graftability when the distal vessel segment was incompletely visualized by ICA.

Giant coronary artery fistula.

Giant coronary artery fistula is rare. We describe the diagnostic work-up and surgical management of a 55-year-old woman who presented with congestive heart failure caused by a giant coronary artery fistula from the left circumflex artery to the coronary sinus.

Intraoperative coronary artery spasm after off-pump coronary surgery.

Coronary artery spasm is rare after coronary artery bypass surgery. We describe a case of intraoperative severe native coronary artery and graft spasm after successful off-pump coronary bypass surgery in a 55-year-old man, which was detected by suspicious electrocardiographic changes, and documented postoperatively by coronary angiography.

The Ross procedure in children: preoperative haemodynamic manifestation has significant effect on late autograft re-operation.

Objectives: The Ross procedure is the aortic valve-replacement procedure of choice in children. Nonetheless, late autograft re-operation for dilatation and/or valve regurgitation is of concern. We examined whether preoperative haemodynamic manifestation (e.

Effect of non-dopaminergic drug treatment on Levodopa induced dyskinesias in MPTP monkeys: common implication of striatal neuropeptides.

Dopamine denervation in Parkinson's disease and repeated Levodopa (L-DOPA) administration that induces dyskinesias are associated with an enhancement of basal ganglia neuropeptide transmission. Various adjunct non-dopaminergic treatments to Levodopa were shown to reduce and/or prevent dyskinesias. The aim of this study was to seek if non-dopaminergic drug treatments to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) lesioned monkeys combined with L-DOPA to prevent dyskinesia were associated with changes of striatal neuropeptides.