Risk factors of urolithiasis: A hospital-based retrospective study.

Aim: Urolithiasis is the most prevalent urinary tract disease, posing a global public health concern. The escalating prevalence and recurrence rates of urolithiasis are attributed to lifestyle modifications, such as reduced physical activity and dietary habits. This retrospective study aims to explore the risk factors associated with urolithiasis among individuals diagnosed with this condition.

Silent Screams: A Narrative Review of Cyberbullying Among Indian Adolescents.

Cyberbullying is bullying with the use of digital technologies, which can take place on social media, messaging platforms, gaming platforms, and mobile phones. It is repeated behavior aimed at scaring, angering, or shaming those who are targeted. India happens to be one of the rapidly improving countries in the cyber world and thus faces a lot of problems regarding cyber crimes, especially cyberbullying.

ApoE Isoforms Inhibit Amyloid Aggregation of Proinflammatory Protein S100A9.

Increasing evidence suggests that the calcium-binding and proinflammatory protein S100A9 is an important player in neuroinflammation-mediated Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amyloid co-aggregation of S100A9 with amyloid-β (Aβ) is an important hallmark of this pathology. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is also known to be one of the important genetic risk factors of AD.

The Utility of ChatGPT in Diabetic Retinopathy Risk Assessment: A Comparative Study with Clinical Diagnosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of an artificial intelligence (AI) model, ChatGPT, in predicting the diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk.

Methods: This retrospective observational study utilized an anonymized dataset of 111 patients with diabetes who underwent a comprehensive eye examination along with clinical and biochemical assessments. Clinical and biochemical data along with and without central subfield thickness (CST) values of the macula from OCT were uploaded to ChatGPT-4, and the response from the ChatGPT was compared to the clinical DR diagnosis made by an ophthalmologist.

Deep learning-based detection of diabetic macular edema using optical coherence tomography and fundus images: A meta-analysis.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is an important cause of visual impairment in the working-age group. Deep learning methods have been developed to detect DME from two-dimensional retinal images and also from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The performances of these algorithms vary and often create doubt regarding their clinical utility.

A Minimalistic Coumarin Turn-On Probe for Selective Recognition of Parallel G-Quadruplex DNA Structures.

G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures are widespread in the human genome and are implicated in biologically important processes such as telomere maintenance, gene regulation, and DNA replication. Guanine-rich sequences with potential to form G4 structures are prevalent in the promoter regions of oncogenes, and G4 sites are now considered as attractive targets for anticancer therapies. However, there are very few reports of small "druglike" optical G4 reporters that are easily accessible through one-step synthesis and that are capable of discriminating between different G4 topologies.

D-galactose-induced toxicity associated senescence mitigated by alpinate oxyphyllae fructus fortified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

This study addresses the effect of D-galactose-induced toxicity associated senescence mitigated by alpinate oxyphyllae fructus (AOF; Alpinia oxyphylla Miq) extracts fortified with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) in rats. Male 18 week-old Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used in this study. We analyzed cardiac fibrosis by Masson's trichrome staining.

Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells along with Alpinia oxyphylla extract alleviate mitochondria-mediated cardiac apoptosis in aging models and cardiac function in aging rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The Fructus (Alpinia oxyphylla MIQ) known as Yi Zhi Ren in Chinese medicine has been used as a food and herbal medicinal substance in China for centuries; in the year 2015 Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission reported water extracts of Alpinia oxyphyllae Fructus (AoF) as a popular medication for aging-related diseases in the form of tonic, aphrodisiac, and health-care food in south China.

Aim Of The Study: Adipose mesenchymal stem cells are physiologically and therapeutically associated with healthy vascular function and cardiac health. However aging conditions hinder stem cell function and increases the vulnerability to cardiovascular diseases.

Comparison of the effect of sodium bicarbonate and glycine air polishing systems on tooth surface roughness: An atomic force microscopic analysis.

Background: A variety of prophylactic materials are used in the dental office for the removal of stains and calculus.

Objective: To evaluate tooth surface changes caused by the application of air abrasive powders (sodium bicarbonate, SBAP and glycine air powder, GPAP) along with scaling and root planing (SRP), under atomic force microscope (AFM) and to analyze the histological soft tissue changes caused by these agents, using light microscopy.

Methods: This study was conducted in two phases: in vitro and in vivo.

Reperfusion using lactate Ringer's mixture partially eliminates IGF II receptor involved cardiac damage caused by hemorrhagic shock in diabetic rats.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that damages many organs. We investigated the effects of reperfusion using lactate Ringer's solution (LR) in a diabetic animal model. Eight-week-old rats were divided into groups: control, hemorrhagic shock induced (HS), diabetes mellitus (DM), DM plus HS (DM + HS) and DM rats that received LR after HS (DM + HS + LR).

Functional potato bioactive peptide intensifies Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense against renal damage in hypertensive rats.

Hypertension, which is known as a silent killer, is the second leading cause of kidney failure worldwide. Elevated blood pressure causes approximately 7.6 million deaths, which account for ~13.

Alpinia oxyphylla Miq extract ameliorates cardiac fibrosis associated with D-galactose induced aging in rats.

Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiological process observed during chronic and stress-induced acceleration of cardiac aging. Fibrosis is a necessary process during wound healing and tissue repair. However, its deposition in organs would proceed to scarring and organ damage.

Oral administration of alcalase potato protein hydrolysate-APPH attenuates high fat diet-induced cardiac complications via TGF-β/GSN axis in aging rats.

Consumption of high fat diet (HFD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors among elderly people. Aging and obesity induced-cardiac remodeling includes hypertrophy and fibrosis. Gelsolin (GSN) induces cardiac hypertrophy and TGF-β, a key cytokine, which induces fibrosis.

Ethnomedicinal assessment of Irula tribes of Walayar valley of Southern Western Ghats, India.

The present study was aimed to explore the traditional knowledge of Irula tribal people who are practicing herbal medicine in Walayar valley, the Southern Western Ghats, India. A total number of 146 species of plants distributed in 122 genera belonging to 58 families were identified as commonly used ethnomedicinal plants by them. Interestingly, 26 new claims were also made in the present study.

Elevated Phosphate Levels Trigger Autophagy-Mediated Cellular Apoptosis in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts.

Background/aim: In chronic kidney disease (CKD), kidneys fail to maintain phosphorus homeostasis in serum. Elevated phosphorus levels in serum have been associated with cardiovascular diseases in CKD patients and in normal individuals. In this study, we evaluated the level of autophagy- and apoptosis-related markers under different concentrations of hyperphosphate in myocardial cells.

The multifaceted link between inflammation and human diseases.

Increasing reports on epidemiological, diagnostic, and clinical studies suggest that dysfunction of the inflammatory reaction results in chronic illnesses such as cancer, arthritis, arteriosclerosis, neurological disorders, liver diseases, and renal disorders. Chronic inflammation might progress if injurious agent persists; however, more typically than not, the response is chronic from the start. Distinct to most changes in acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by the infiltration of damaged tissue by mononuclear cells like macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, in addition to tissue destruction and attempts to repair.

Protective effect of HDL on NADPH oxidase-derived super oxide anion mediates hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death of death in Taiwan. Atherosclerosis can lead to serious problems, including heart attack, stroke, or even death. Coronary heart disease (CHD) occurs when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries to cause the ischemic heart disease which will enhance myocardial remodeling and also induce myocardial hypoxia.

Calcite Dissolution by sp. SOTI06: A Futuristic Approach for the Reclamation of Calcareous Sodic Soils.

Assessing the ability of soil microorganisms to dissolute poorly soluble native calcite to supply Ca is a new area to be explored in reclaiming sodic soils by supplying adequate Ca and reducing the recurrent sodicity. Hence, the present study aimed to isolate a calcite dissolving bacteria (CDB) from calcareous sodic soils and to understand the mechanism of calcite dissolution. Of the 33 CDB isolates recovered from the calcareous sodic soils of Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore, Ramnad, and Trichy), 11 isolates were screened for calcite dissolution based on titratable acidity.

In vitro and in vivo studies of alkali- and heat-treated Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-5Al-2Nb-1Ta alloys for orthopedic implants.

In vitro studies of Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-5Al-2Nb-1Ta alloys were carried out by treating the specimens with 10 M NaOH at 60 degrees C for 24 h and subsequently heat-treated at 600 degrees C for 1 h. After the alkali and heat treatments, and on subsequent soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF), the morphological and compositional changes on the surface of the specimens were examined using scanning electron microscope attached with an energy-dispersive electron probe X-ray analyzer. The results revealed a dense and uniform bonelike apatite layer on the surface of treated substrates immersed in SBF solution.