Treatment rate of strabismus and amblyopia is associated with the location of pediatric ophthalmologists in the United States.

Purpose: To determine whether the geographic density of pediatric ophthalmologists is associated with the rate of children treated for strabismus and amblyopia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included children treated for strabismus and amblyopia 0-17 years of age with commercial insurance who were included in the Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System. Additionally, pediatric ophthalmologists by state were determined using the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus website.

Orbital Foraminal Morphometrics in Nonsyndromic Unilateral Coronal Craniosynostosis.

Nonsyndromic unilateral coronal craniosynostosis (UCS) is a rare congenital disorder that results from premature fusion of either coronal suture. The result is growth restriction across the suture, between the ipsilateral frontal and parietal bones, leading to bony dysmorphogenesis affecting the calvarium, orbit, and skull base. Prior studies have reported associations between UCS and visual abnormalities.

Mirror movements identified in patients with moebius syndrome.

Background: Moebius syndrome is a rare disorder with minimum clinical criteria of congenital facial weakness in association with impairment in abduction of one or both eyes. Mirror movements are not known to be associated with Moebius syndrome.

Case Report: We present three patients who meet minimum criteria for a diagnosis of Moebius syndrome and who also display mirror movements.

Characterization of ocular motor deficits in congenital facial weakness: Moebius and related syndromes.

Congenital facial weakness is present in a heterogeneous group of conditions. Among them is Moebius syndrome, which has been defined as a disorder with congenital, non-progressive facial weakness and limited abduction of one or both eyes. It is typically attributed to agenesis of the abducens and facial cranial nerves.

Neurologic and neurodevelopmental phenotypes in young children with early-treated combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria, cobalamin C type.

Abnormal neurodevelopment has been widely reported in combined methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) and homocystinuria, cblC type (cblC disease), but neurodevelopmental phenotypes in cblC have not previously been systematically studied. We sought to further characterize developmental neurology in children with molecularly-confirmed cblC. Thirteen children at our center with cblC, born since implementation of expanded newborn screening in New York State, undertook standard-of-care evaluations with a pediatric neurologist and pediatric ophthalmologist.

Optical coherence tomography in the evaluation of neurofibromatosis type-1 subjects with optic pathway gliomas.

Purpose: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common neurocutaneous disorder, with an approximate incidence of 1 in 3,500. Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) develop in 15% of individuals with NF1, commonly in childhood. OPGs are difficult to detect via a clinical inspection in children, often requiring magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Nasolacrimal metastasis from heptocellular carcinoma masquerading as dacryocystitis.

A 69-year-old man presented with a "lump" on his nose, after antibiotic therapy and warm compresses failed to resolve his presumed dacryocystitis. Because this disorder displayed atypical features (no tenderness, no redness, evidence of the greatest expansion of the nasolacrimal system inferior to the lacrimal sac fossa), a neoplastic process was considered. Orbital CT showed a mass obliterating the nasolacrimal system and maxillary sinus.

Newborn screening coupled with comprehensive follow-up reduced early mortality of sickle cell disease in Connecticut.

To assess the impact of newborn screening (NBS) on the mortality of children with sickle cell anemia, we analyzed the Connecticut death certificates of all children less than 15 years old at death. We compared sickle cell-related deaths in three periods: 1970-1988 when there was no state NBS; between 1988 and 1990 when there was limited state NBS; and 1990-2002 when universal NBS was in effect in Connecticut. In the period 1988-2002, we identified all death certificate records in which sickle cell anemia was listed as a cause of death and compared these with children who were shown to have sickle cell anemia (Hb SS and sickle-beta(o) thalassemia) by the state's NBS programs.