Rapid fluoroquinolone resistance detection in using mismatch amplification mutation assay-based real-time PCR.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an ever-increasing global health concern. One crucial facet in tackling the AMR epidemic is earlier and more accurate AMR diagnosis, particularly in the dangerous and highly multi-drug-resistant ESKAPE pathogen, . We aimed to develop two SYBR Green-based mismatch amplification mutation assays (SYBR-MAMAs) targeting GyrA T83I (248) and GyrA D87N, D87Y and D87H (259).

Sarcoptic mange changes bacterial and fungal microbiota of bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus).

Background: Sarcoptes scabiei is globally distributed and one of the most impactful mammalian ectoparasites. Sarcoptic mange, caused by infection with S. scabiei, causes disruption of the epidermis and its bacterial microbiota, but its effects on host fungal microbiota and on the microbiota of marsupials in general have not been studied.

Are there differences between SIMG surgeons and locally trained surgeons in Australia and New Zealand, as rated by colleagues and themselves?

Background: Representation of specialist international medical graduates (SIMGs) in specific specialties such as surgery can be expected to grow as doctor shortages are predicted in the context of additional care provision for aging populations and limited local supply. Many national medical boards and colleges provide pathways for medical registration and fellowship of SIMGs that may include examinations and short-term training. There is currently very little understanding of how SIMGs are perceived by colleagues and whether their performance is perceived to be comparable to locally trained medical specialists.

Building capacity in those who deliver palliative care services to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

The role of culture in palliative care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples builds on over 60 000 years of history and includes meaningful practices to support a good "finishing up". The Gwandalan National Palliative Care Project aims to build capacity in those who deliver palliative care to embed culturally responsive care in all end-of-life settings. Community consultation, value co-creation and user-centred design ensured that diverse Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspectives informed the Gwandalan curriculum.

Co-creating education and training programs that build workforce capacity to support the implementation of integrated health care initiatives.

Value co-creation focuses on creating value with and for multiple stakeholders - through purposeful engagement, facilitated processes and enriched experiences - to co-design new products and services. User-centred design enables multidisciplinary teams to design and develop or adapt resources from the end user's perspective. Combining value co-creation and user-centred design offers an effective, efficient, user-friendly and satisfying experience for all participants, and can result in co-created, tailored and fit-for-purpose resources.

Express Yourself: Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assays for Rapid Chromosomal Antimicrobial Resistance Detection in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The rise of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria is a global health emergency. One critical facet of tackling this epidemic is more rapid AMR diagnosis in serious multidrug-resistant pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we designed and then validated two multiplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays to simultaneously detect differential expression of the resistance-nodulation-division efflux pumps MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, MexEF-OprN, and MexXY-OprM, the AmpC β-lactamase, and the porin OprD, which are commonly associated with chromosomally encoded AMR.

Real-time fluorometric and end-point colorimetric isothermal assays for detection of equine pathogens C. psittaci and equine herpes virus 1: validation, comparison and application at the point of care.

Background: C. psittaci has recently emerged as an equine abortigenic pathogen causing significant losses to the Australian Thoroughbred industry, while Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is a well-recognized abortigenic agent. Diagnosis of these agents is based on molecular assays in diagnostic laboratories.

Duplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of and spp.

Several members of the Gram-negative environmental bacterial genus are associated with serious infections, with being the most common. Despite their pathogenic potential, little is understood about these intrinsically drug-resistant bacteria and their role in disease, leading to suboptimal diagnosis and management. Here, we performed comparative genomics for 158 spp.

Quantitative real-time PCR assay for the rapid identification of the intrinsically multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogen .

is emerging as an important cause of disease in nosocomial and community-acquired settings, including bloodstream, wound and catheter-associated infections. Cystic fibrosis (CF) airways also provide optimal growth conditions for various opportunistic pathogens with high antibiotic tolerance, including . Currently, there is no rapid, cost-effective and accurate molecular method for detecting this potentially life-threatening pathogen, particularly in polymicrobial specimens, suggesting that its true prevalence is underestimated.

Isolation, marine transgression and translocation of the bare-nosed wombat ().

Island populations can represent genetically distinct and evolutionarily important lineages relative to mainland conspecifics. However, phenotypic divergence of island populations does not necessarily reflect genetic divergence, particularly for lineages inhabiting islands periodically connected during Pleistocene low sea stands. Marine barriers may also not be solely responsible for any divergence that is observed.

Expanded Molecular Typing of Sarcoptes scabiei Provides Further Evidence of Disease Spillover Events in the Epidemiology of Sarcoptic Mange in Australian Marsupials.

The invasive ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei affects the welfare and conservation of Australian marsupials. Molecular data suggest that spillover from other hosts may be responsible for the emergence of this infectious disease, but the scale of such studies is limited. We performed expanded molecular typing of the S.

A specific isothermal amplification assay for detection of this important ectoparasite of wombats and other animals.

Background: The globally distributed epidermal ectoparasite, is a serious health and welfare burden to at-risk human and animal populations. Rapid and sensitive detection of infestation is critical for intervention strategies. While direct microscopy of skin scrapings is a widely utilised diagnostic method, it has low sensitivity.

The cascading pathogenic consequences of infection that manifest in host disease.

Sarcoptic mange, caused by the parasitic mite , causes a substantive burden of disease to humans, domestic animals and wildlife, globally. There are many effects of infection, culminating in the disease which hosts suffer. However, major knowledge gaps remain on the pathogenic impacts of this infection.

Comparative diagnostics reveals PCR assays on skin scrapings is the most reliable method to detect Sarcoptes scabiei infestations.

Sarcoptic mange is a globally significant parasitic disease of humans and other animals, both domestic and wild. But clinical diagnosis of S. scabiei infestation, using the standard skin scraping followed by microscopy technique, remains highly variable (predominantly due to false-negatives), and a major challenge for human and animal welfare.

Mitochondrial genome sequencing reveals potential origins of the scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei infesting two iconic Australian marsupials.

Background: Debilitating skin infestations caused by the mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, have a profound impact on human and animal health globally. In Australia, this impact is evident across different segments of Australian society, with a growing recognition that it can contribute to rapid declines of native Australian marsupials. Cross-host transmission has been suggested to play a significant role in the epidemiology and origin of mite infestations in different species but a chronic lack of genetic resources has made further inferences difficult.

Chlamydia Serine Protease Inhibitor, targeting HtrA, as a New Treatment for Koala Chlamydia infection.

The koala, an iconic marsupial native to Australia, is a threatened species in many parts of the country. One major factor in the decline is disease caused by infection with Chlamydia. Current therapeutic strategies to treat chlamydiosis in the koala are limited.

The emergence of sarcoptic mange in Australian wildlife: an unresolved debate.

Due to its suspected increase in host range and subsequent global diversification, Sarcoptes scabiei has important implications at a global scale for wildlife conservation and animal and human health. The introduction of this pathogen into new locations and hosts has been shown to produce high morbidity and mortality, a situation observed recently in Australian and North American wildlife.Of the seven native animal species in Australia known to be infested by S.

PREVALENCE AND PATHOLOGIC FEATURES OF CHLAMYDIA PECORUM INFECTIONS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIAN KOALAS (PHASCOLARCTOS CINEREUS).

Chlamydia pecorum infection is highly prevalent in many koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus ) populations in the eastern states of Australia, causing ocular and urogenital tract disease. In contrast, the current prevalence of chlamydiosis in South Australian (SA) koalas is largely unknown, with few reports of clinical cases. We examined 65 SA rescued wild koalas at necropsy and collected ocular and urogenital swabs for the detection of C.

Comparative genomics of koala, cattle and sheep strains of Chlamydia pecorum.

Background: Chlamydia pecorum is an important pathogen of domesticated livestock including sheep, cattle and pigs. This pathogen is also a key factor in the decline of the koala in Australia. We sequenced the genomes of three koala C.