Landscape of congenital adrenal hyperplasia cases in adult endocrinology clinics of Türkiye-a nation-wide multicentre study.

Background And Aims: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of disorders that affect the production of steroids in the adrenal gland and are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The clinical and biochemical manifestations of the disorder are diverse, ranging from varying degrees of anomalies of the external genitalia to life-threatening adrenal insufficiency. This multicenter study aimed to determine the demographics, biochemical, clinical, and genetic characteristics besides the current status of adult patients with CAH nationwide.

BMI increase during early childhood in boys with cystic fibrosis and early adrenarche.

Background: Increase in body mass index (BMI) in early childhood (1-6 years) was found to be a contributing factor for impaired final height in boys with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Early adrenarche (before age 9 years in boys) may contribute to an impaired final height by triggering an early acceleration of bone age resulting in a compromised growth spurt during puberty. We aimed to analyze the timing of adrenarche in boys with CF and to associate BMI increase in early childhood to timing of adrenarche.

Normalized Brain Tissue-Level Evaluation of Volumetric Changes of Youth Athletes Participating in Collision Sports.

Observations of short-term changes in the neural health of youth athletes participating in collision sports (e.g., football and soccer) have highlighted a need to explore potential structural alterations in brain tissue volumes for these persons.

Development of brain atlases for early-to-middle adolescent collision-sport athletes.

Human brains develop across the life span and largely vary in morphology. Adolescent collision-sport athletes undergo repetitive head impacts over years of practices and competitions, and therefore may exhibit a neuroanatomical trajectory different from healthy adolescents in general. However, an unbiased brain atlas targeting these individuals does not exist.

A novel method of quantifying hemodynamic delays to improve hemodynamic response, and CVR estimates in CO2 challenge fMRI.

Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) in breathing air is widely used as a vasoactive stimulus to assess cerebrovascular functions under hypercapnia (i.e., "stress test" for the brain).

Down-regulation of TUFM impairs host cell interaction and virulence by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.

The genus Paracoccidioides consist of dimorphic fungi geographically limited to the subtropical regions of Latin America, which are responsible for causing deep systemic mycosis in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Paracoccidioides spp. causes the disease remain poorly understood.

Every hit matters: White matter diffusivity changes in high school football athletes are correlated with repetitive head acceleration event exposure.

Recent evidence of short-term alterations in brain physiology associated with repeated exposure to moderate intensity subconcussive head acceleration events (HAEs), prompts the question whether these alterations represent an underlying neural injury. A retrospective analysis combining counts of experienced HAEs and longitudinal diffusion-weighted imaging explored whether greater exposure to incident mechanical forces was associated with traditional diffusion-based measures of neural injury-reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased mean diffusivity (MD). Brains of high school athletes (N = 61) participating in American football exhibited greater spatial extents (or volumes) experiencing substantial changes (increases and decreases) in both FA and MD than brains of peers who do not participate in collision-based sports (N = 15).

Consuming Almonds vs. Isoenergetic Baked Food Does Not Differentially Influence Postprandial Appetite or Neural Reward Responses to Visual Food Stimuli.

Nuts have high energy and fat contents, but nut intake does not promote weight gain or obesity, which may be partially explained by their proposed high satiety value. The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of consuming almonds versus a baked food on postprandial appetite and neural responses to visual food stimuli. Twenty-two adults (19 women and 3 men) with a BMI between 25 and 40 kg/m² completed the current study during a 12-week behavioral weight loss intervention.

Reproducibility assessment of brain responses to visual food stimuli in adults with overweight and obesity.

Objective: The brain's reward system influences ingestive behavior and subsequently obesity risk. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a common method for investigating brain reward function. This study sought to assess the reproducibility of fasting-state brain responses to visual food stimuli using BOLD fMRI.

Effects of Dietary Protein and Fiber at Breakfast on Appetite, ad Libitum Energy Intake at Lunch, and Neural Responses to Visual Food Stimuli in Overweight Adults.

Increasing either protein or fiber at mealtimes has relatively modest effects on ingestive behavior. Whether protein and fiber have additive or interactive effects on ingestive behavior is not known. Fifteen overweight adults (5 female, 10 male; BMI: 27.

The relationship between glycated hemoglobin and blood glucose levels of 75 and 100 gram oral glucose tolerance test during gestational diabetes diagnosis.

Objective: The diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an important issue in terms of prevention of maternal and fetal complications. In our study we aimed to evaluate the relation of HbA1c and blood glucose levels of 75 and 50-100 gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in pregnant patients who were screened for GDM.

Materials And Methods: The parameters of 913 pregnant women screened for GDM are evaluated retrospectively.

Temporal pattern of acoustic imaging noise asymmetrically modulates activation in the auditory cortex.

This study investigated the hemisphere-specific effects of the temporal pattern of imaging related acoustic noise on auditory cortex activation. Hemodynamic responses (HDRs) to five temporal patterns of imaging noise corresponding to noise generated by unique combinations of imaging volume and effective repetition time (TR), were obtained using a stroboscopic event-related paradigm with extra-long (≥27.5 s) TR to minimize inter-acquisition effects.

Comparison of Vitek Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Versus Conventional Methods in Candida Identification.

Candida species are generally identified by conventional methods such as germ tube or morphological appearance on corn meal agar, biochemical methods using API kits and molecular biological methods. Alternative to these methods, rapid and accurate identification methods of microorganisms called matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDİ-TOF MS) has recently been described. In this study, Candida identification results by API Candida kit, API 20C AUX kit and identifications on corn meal agar (CMA) are compared with the results obtained on Vitek-MS.

Evaluation of immunochromatographic test for the detection of antibodies against Echinococcosis granulosus.

Background: Echinococcosis in humans is a disease caused by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) and Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis).

[Evaluation of Malaria Cases that Were Detected in Kocaeli Province During 2008 Through 2013].

Objective: Malaria is still a serious public health problem around the world and in our country. In this study, we examined the epidemiology of malaria cases retrorespectively by using the surveillance data provided by the Malaria Control Unit of the Infectious Disease Division of Kocaeli Health Directory, from the years of 2008 to 2013. Our aim was to compare our findings with the findings of the past studies and provide support to the future surveillance studies.

A rare case of multilocus brain abscess due to Entamoeba histolytica infection in a child.

Brain abscess due to Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) may pose a diagnostic problem or a therapeutic challenge, as evidenced by the paucity of papers reporting complete recovery after treatment. An 11-year-old girl presented with progressive drowsiness, diminished movements of the left upper limb, and swallowing problems.

Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of Giardia duodenalis isolates from Turkish children.

Background: Giardiasis is caused by the intestinal protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (synonyms: G. lamblia, G. intestinalis), which is one of the most frequent parasites that infect Turkish children.

Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in Turkish people: a positive correlation with abdominal obesity in women.

Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing around the world due to abdominal obesity with altered eating habits and decreased physical activity. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for gastroesophagial reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and the prevalence of GERD in patients with MetS.

Methods: Five hundred patients (MetS, n=300 and the control group, n=200) were enrolled in the study.

Mechanisms in endocrinology: vitamin D as a potential contributor in endocrine health and disease.

Objective: It has been suggested that vitamin D may play a role in the pathogenesis of several endocrine diseases, such as hyperparathyroidism, type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), autoimmune thyroid diseases, Addison's disease and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this review, we debate the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of endocrine diseases.

Methods: Narrative overview of the literature synthesizing the current evidence retrieved from searches of computerized databases, hand searches and authoritative texts.

Interaction between caspofungin or voriconazole and cefoperazone-sulbactam or piperacillin-tazobactam by in vitro and in vivo methods.

Immunosuppressive patients are at risk of fungal and bacterial infections. Therefore, these patients receive prophylactic, preemptive, empirical or target antifungal and concomitant antibiotic therapy. To this end, caspofungin (CAS) or voriconazole (VRC) antifungals and cefoperazone-sulbactam (CPZ/SAM) or piperacillin-tazobactam (PIP/TAZ) antibiotics may be used.

Investigation of intestinal parasites in dialysis patients.

Objective: To search for the opportunistic and other pathogenic intestinal parasites in dialysis patients, and to compare the methods used for diagnosis.

Methods: This is a randomized study, which recruited participants from the dialysis patients. The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Research Hospital, School of Medicine in Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey between June 2012 and March 2013.