Near-Infrared Responsive Composites of Poly-3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene with Fullerene Derivatives.

Electrochemical polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene in the presence of water-soluble fullerene derivatives was investigated. The electronic structure, morphology, spectroelectrochemical, electrochemical properties and near-IR photoconductivity of composite films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with fullerenes were studied for the first time. It was shown that fullerene with hydroxyl groups creates favorable conditions for the formation of PEDOT chains and more effectively compensates for the positive charges on the PEDOT chains.

Electrochemical Formation of Ionic Porous Organic Polymers Based on Viologen for Electrochromic Applications.

The systematic study of two ionic porous organic polymers (iPOPs) based on viologens and their first applications in the electrochromic field are reported. The viologen-based iPOPs are synthesized by electrochemical polymerization with cyano groups, providing a simple and controllable method for iPOPs that solves the film preparation problems common to viologens. After the characterization of these iPOPs, a detailed study of their electrochromic properties is conducted.

Charge Carrier Mobility in Poly(N,N'-bis-4-butylphenyl-N,N'-bisphenyl)benzidine Composites with Electron Acceptor Molecules.

Polymer composites based on poly(N,N'-bis-4-butylphenyl-N,N'-bisphenyl)benzidine (poly-TPD) with PCBM and copper(II) pyropheophorbide derivative (Cu-PP) were developed. In thin films of the poly-TPD and Cu-PP composites, the charge carrier mobility was investigated for the first time. In the ternary poly-TPD:PCBM:Cu-PP composite, the electron and hole mobilities are the most balanced compared to binary composites and the photoconductivity is enhanced due to the sensitization by Cu-PP in blue and red spectral ranges.

Photoconduction and Electroluminescence of Copper (II) Protoporphyrin and Chlorin Cu-C-e6.

Cu (II) protoporphyrin Cu-PP-IX and chlorin Cu-C-e6 were found to have both thin solid film formation and charge carrier transport abilities. In the layers deposited by resistive thermal evaporation, the mobilities of holes and electrons are on the order of 10 cm V s. Organic light-emitting diodes incorporating the dye molecules as emitting dopants demonstrate electroluminescence in the UV and near-IR ranges.

One-Step Interfacial Integration of Graphene Oxide and Organic Chromophores into Multicomponent Nanohybrids with Photoelectric Properties.

A one-step protocol for interfacial self-assembly of graphene oxide (GO), glutamine-substituted perylene diimide (PDI-glu), 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA), and zinc acetate into three- and four-component hybrid nanofilms through hydrogen and coordination bonding was developed. The hybrids deposited onto solid supports were studied after polymerization of PCDA by UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results of spectroscopic studies suggest that the hybrids assembled through H-bonds can maintain the light-induced Förster energy transfer from the PDI-glu chromophore to the conjugated polymer and then to GO leading to fluorescence quenching.

The effect of PbS quantum dots on molecular dynamics and conductivity of PTB7:PC71BM bulk heterojunction as revealed by dielectric spectroscopy.

A ternary photovoltaic blend containing the PTB7 donor component, the PC71BM acceptor component, and colloidal quantum dots of lead sulfide (PbS QDs) was investigated using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. In the dielectric loss spectrum of PTB7:PC71BM:PbS QDs, γ- and β-relaxation processes in PTB7 were recognized and analyzed in terms of Arrhenius-type equations. To elucidate the effect of PbS QDs on molecular dynamics of PTB7, the activation energies of both processes were evaluated and compared with those obtained for the binary PTB7:PC71BM blend.

Copper(II) -Tetraphenyl- and -Tetrafluorenyl Porphyrinates as Charge Carrier Transporting and Electroluminescent Compounds.

Studies on copper(II) tetrafluorenyl porphyrinate (CuTFP) and copper(II) tetraphenyl porphyrinate (CuTPP) have been focused on the charge carrier transport in their solid films and electroluminescence of their composites. In the dye layers deposited by resistive thermal evaporation, the mobilities of holes and electrons are on the order of 10 and 10 cm V s for the charge transport under the influence of traps, and the charge mobility reaches the order of 10 cm V s at space-charge-limited current in the nontrapping mode. For the dye molecules, the correlation between the mobility of charge carriers and the distribution of the electron density on the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), which serve as hopping sites for holes and electrons, respectively, is considered.

Action of Mechanical Forces on Polymerization and Polymers.

In this review, we summarize recent developments in the field of the mechanochemistry of polymers. The aim of the review is to consider the consequences of mechanical forces and actions on polymers and polymer synthesis. First, we review classical works on chemical reactions and polymerization processes under strong shear deformations.

New Unsymmetrically Substituted Benzothiadiazole-Based Luminophores: Synthesis, Optical, Electrochemical Studies, Charge Transport, and Electroluminescent Characteristics.

Three new benzothiadiazole (BTD)-containing luminophores with different configurations of aryl linkers have been prepared via Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling Suzuki and Buchwald-Hartwig reactions. Photophysical and electroluminescent properties of the compounds were investigated to estimate their potential for optoelectronic applications. All synthesized structures have sufficiently high quantum yields in film.

Ion-Driven Self-Assembly of Lanthanide Bis-phthalocyaninates into Conductive Quasi-MOF Nanowires: an Approach toward Easily Recyclable Organic Electronics.

Controlled self-assembly and rapid disintegration of supramolecular nanowires is potentially useful for ecology-friendly organic electronics. Herein, a novel method exploiting the binding between crown-substituted double-decker lanthanide phthalocyaninates (ML, M = Lu, Ce, Tb) and K ions is applied for the one-step fabrication of macroscopically long conductive one-dimensional quasi-metal-organic frameworks. Their properties are controlled by the size of the lanthanide ion guiding the assembly through either intra- or intermolecular interactions.

Colorless to Multicolored, Fast Switching, and Highly Stable Electrochromic Devices Based on Thermally Cross-Linking Copolymer.

Transparent-to-colored electrochromic devices exhibit promising application prospects and have gained popularity. Herein, two triphenylamine derivatives TPA-OCH and TPA-CN with styryl moieties and different donor or acceptor units were designed and synthesized to further prepare solvent-resistant thermally cross-linking polymer P(TPA-OCH) and P(TPA-CN) without any additional initiator. P(TPA-OCH) and P(TPA-CN) possess two pairs of redox peaks, and P(TPA-OCH) shows a lower onset oxidation potential compared to P(TPA-CN) because of the pendent donor unit.

A common optical approach to thickness optimization in polymer and perovskite solar cells.

The structure of experimentally designed solar cells was optimized in terms of the photoactive layer thickness for both organic bulk heterojunction and hybrid perovskite solar cells. The photoactive layer thickness had a totally different behavior on the performance of the organic and hybrid solar cells. Analysis of the optical parameters using transfer matrix modeling within the Maxwell-Garnett effective refractive index model shows that light absorbance and exciton generation rate in the photoactive layer can be used to optimize the thickness range of the photoactive layer.

Preparation and Characterization of a Flexible rGO-PTFE Film for a Supercapacitor Current Collector.

A mixture of water suspensions of graphene oxide (GO) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was used to make the films GO-PTFE (50:50). They became conductive (2.0-2.

Benzo[]selenophene/thieno[3,2-]indole-Based N,S,Se-Heteroacenes for Hole-Transporting Layers.

Two series of new N,S,Se-heteroacenes, namely, 6-benzo[4',5']selenopheno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-]indoles and 12-benzo[4″,5″]selenopheno[2″,3″:4',5']thieno[2',3'4,5]thieno[3,2-]indoles, were successfully obtained using an effective strategy based on Fiesselmann thiophene and Fischer indole synthesis. The new molecules exhibit a large optical band gap (2.82 eV < < 3.

Dibenzo[]furazano[3,4-]quinoxalines: Synthesis by Intramolecular Cyclization through Direct Transition Metal-Free C-H Functionalization and Electrochemical, Photophysical, and Charge Mobility Characterization.

Herein, we describe the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted dibenzo[]furazano[3,4-]quinoxalines by intramolecular cyclization through direct transition metal-free C-H functionalization. The electrochemical and photophysical properties for several polycycles have been measured. In thin films of the dibenzo[]furazano[3,4-]quinoxalines, hole mobility is in the order of 10 cm V s.

Radiation-Induced Transient Currents in Films of Poly(arylene ether ketone) Including Phthalide Moiety.

The electrical properties of thin films of poly(arylene ether ketone) copolymers (co-PAEKs) with a fraction of phthalide-containing units of 3, 5, and 50 mol% in the main chain were investigated by using radiation-induced conductivity (RIC) measurements. Transient current signals and current-voltage () characteristics were obtained by exposing 20 ÷ 25 μm thick films of the co-PAEKs to monoenergetic electron pulses with energy ranging from 3 to 50 keV in an electric field ranging from 5 to 40 V/μm. The Rose-Fowler-Vaisberg semi-empirical model based on a multiple trapping formalism was used for an analysis of the RIC data, and the parameters of the highly dispersive charge carrier transport were evaluated.

On the development of a new approach to the design of lanthanide-based materials for solution-processed OLEDs.

The targeted design of lanthanide-based emitters for solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) resulted in obtaining an NIR OLED with one of the highest efficiencies among ytterbium-based solution-processed OLEDs (30 μW W-1). The design was aimed at the combination of high luminescence efficiency with solubility and charge carrier mobility. The latter was achieved thanks to the introduction of the purposefully selected neutral ligands, which combine electron mobility and the ability to sensitize lanthanide luminescence.

preparation and determination of electrochemical and electrochromic properties of copper phthalocyanine-polyaniline nanocomposite films.

Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) films with different morphologies were electrodeposited on the surfaces of ITO electrodes. Then, in each case, a polyaniline (PANI) film was electrochemically polymerized on the surface of the copper phthalocyanine film to form a CuPc-PANI composite film. The electrochemical properties of the CuPc-PANI composite film were observed to be much better than those of the film without CuPc.

Conductivity and Density of States of New Polyphenylquinoline.

Electrical, photoelectrical, and optical properties of thin films of a new heat-resistant polyphenylquinoline synthesized using facile methods were investigated. An analysis of the obtained temperature dependences of the dark conductivity and photoconductivity indicates the hopping mechanism of conductivity over localized states arranging at the energy distance of 0.8 eV from the Fermi level located inside the band gap of the investigated material.

Copper Iodide Interlayer for Improved Charge Extraction and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Nickel oxide (NiO) is one of the most promising and high-performing Hole Transporting Layer (HTL) in inverted perovskite solar cells due to ideal band alignment with perovskite absorber, wide band gap, and high mobility of charges. At the same time, however, NiO does not provide good contact and trap-free junction for hole collection. In this paper, we examine this problem by developing a double hole transport configuration with a copper iodide (CuI) interlayer for efficient surface passivation.

Fast Switching Properties and Ion Diffusion Behavior of Polytriphenylamine Derivative with Pendent Ionic Liquid Unit.

A novel triphenylamine derivative-linked ionic liquid unit, 1-(6-((4-(bis(4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)amino)benzoyl)oxy)hexyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (TTPACIL-BF), was designed and synthesized successfully, and its corresponding polymer PTTPACIL-BF was obtained by the electropolymerization method. The highest occupied molecular orbital energy band of TTPACIL-BF is higher and the onset oxidative potential lower compared with that of 6-bromohexyl 4-(bis(4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)amino) benzoate (TTPACBr) without modifying the ionic liquid unit. Both PTTPACIL-BF and PTTPACBr show similar color change and optical contrast under different redox states.

Ultrathin Polydiacetylene-Based Synergetic Composites with Plasmon-Enhanced Photoelectric Properties.

Fabricating plasmon-enhanced organic nanomaterials with technologically relevant supporting architectures on planar solids remains a challenging task in the chemistry of thin films and interfaces. In this work, we report a bottom-up assembly of ultrathin layered composites of conductive polymers with photophysical properties enhanced by gold nanoparticles. The polydiacetylene component was formed by photopolymerization of a catanionic mixture of pentacosadiynoic surfactants on a surface of citrate-stabilized gold hydrosol monitored by a fiber optic spectrometer.

Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductor Quantum Dot Solids for Photovoltaic Applications.

Quantum dot (QD) solids represent a new type of condensed matter drawing high fundamental and applied interest. Quantum confinement in individual QDs, combined with macroscopic scale whole materials, leads to novel exciton and charge transfer features that are particularly relevant to optoelectronic applications. This Perspective discusses the structure of semiconductor QD solids, optical and spectral properties, charge carrier transport, and photovoltaic applications.

On the efficiency limit of ZnO/CHNHPbI/CuI perovskite solar cells.

Organometal triiodide perovskites are promising, high-performance absorbers in solar cells. Considering the perovskite as a thin film absorber, we solve transport equations and analyse the efficiency of a simple heterojunction configuration as a function of electron-hole diffusion lengths. We found that for a thin film thickness of ≃1 μm the maximum efficiency of ≃31% could be achieved at the diffusion length of ∼100 μm.