The Association between Resistance and Virulence of in High-Risk Clonal Lineages ST86 and ST101.

is an opportunistic pathogen known for two main pathotypes: classical (cKp), often multidrug-resistant and common in hospitals, and hypervirulent (hvKp), associated with severe community-acquired infections. The recent emergence of strains combining hypervirulence and resistance is alarming. This study investigates the distribution of sequence types (STs), resistance, and virulence factors in strains causing bloodstream and urinary tract infections in Croatia.

Understanding and Practices of Oral Hygiene in the Intensive Care Units: Perspectives of Medical Staff at Two University Hospital Centers.

Objective: This study assesses the knowledge, practices, and attitudes of medical staff in intensive care units (ICUs) regarding oral hygiene care for critically ill, bedridden patients.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional study included 65 employees from the Intensive Care Units of the Sestre Milosrdnice Clinical Hospital Centre (CHC SM) and the Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care at the University Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb (CHC ZG). A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, methods, frequency, and attitudes towards oral care for mechanically ventilated patients.

Perspectives of primary care physicians on academic detailing for antimicrobial stewardship: feasibility and impact assessment.

Objective: To understand primary care physicians' perspectives on academic detailing from an antimicrobial stewardship team to combat antibiotic overuse for upper respiratory infections and bronchitis in the COVID-19 era, which will help prevent avoidable outpatient visits.

Methods: In this prospective study, 14 female Croatian physicians completed standardized qualitative interviews using a semi-structured guide. The data were analyzed using inductive methodology based on reflexive thematic analysis.

Pseudomonasaeruginosa antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, resistance mechanisms and international clonal lineages: update from ESGARS-ESCMID/ISARPAE Group.

Scope: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen considered one of the paradigms of antimicrobial resistance, is among the main causes of hospital-acquired and chronic infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This growing threat results from the extraordinary capacity of P. aeruginosa to develop antimicrobial resistance through chromosomal mutations, the increasing prevalence of transferable resistance determinants (such as the carbapenemases and the extended-spectrum β-lactamases), and the global expansion of epidemic lineages.

Association of Gut and Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.

(1) Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) has been linked to the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, various studies have highlighted the anti-inflammatory properties of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), whose production is primarily regulated by the gut microbiota. However, only a few studies have investigated the role of major SCFA producers, such as , in skin inflammatory diseases.

Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis Due to Methicillin-Resistant in a Previously Healthy Young Patient without a Drug Abuse History: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature.

Right-sided infective endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is strongly associated with intravenous drug abuse, congenital heart disease, or previous medical treatment and is rare in healthy patients without a history of drug abuse. Here, we present a case of an 18-year-old male with no drug abuse history and no medical burden who was diagnosed with MRSA tricuspid valve endocarditis. Due to initial symptoms which indicated community-acquired pneumonia and radiological finding of interstitial lesions, empiric therapy with ceftriaxone and azithromycin was started.

Prediction of unfavorable outcomes in community-acquired bacteremia by SIRS, SOFA and qSOFA scores.

Background: Sepsis diagnostic and prognostic scoring systems have changed over time. It remains uncertain which scoring system is the best predictor of unfavorable outcomes. We aimed to evaluate prediction of community-acquired bacteremia (CAB) outcomes using on-admission systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA).

Gut Microbiota Composition Changes following Discontinuation of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Children with Crohn's Disease.

This study aims to determine changes in the intestinal microbiota of children with Crohn's disease (CD) before and during exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and after its discontinuation. A total of 14 newly diagnosed children with CD (median age 16.0 years; 43% female) were included in this study.

Molecular characterization of colistin resistance genes in a high-risk ST101/KPC-2 clone of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a University Hospital of Split, Croatia.

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-KP) has become a major concern worldwide due to multidrug resistance and the ability to spread locally and globally. Infections caused by KPC-KP are great challenge in the healthcare systems because these are associated with longer hospitalization and high mortality.

Resistome Analysis of Strains Isolated from Human Stool and Primary Sterile Samples in Croatia.

Campylobacteriosis represents a global health challenge due to continuously increasing trends of antimicrobial resistance in . can sometimes cause life-threatening and severe systematic infections (bacteremia, meningitis, and other extraintestinal infections) with very few antibiotics left as treatment options. Bearing in mind that is the predominant species in humans, in this paper, we present a study of the differences in antimicrobial resistance and genotype distribution between strains isolated from stool and primary sterile sites.

Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates among Croatian adults during a fifteen-year period (2005-2019).

Aim: To assess serotype distribution, antibiotic resistance, and vaccine coverage against Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive infections in Croatian adults from 2005 to 2019.

Methods: In this retrospective study, invasive pneumococcal strains were collected through a microbiological laboratory network with country coverage >95%. Capsular typing was performed with the Quellung reaction.

Salivary Microbiota Is Significantly Less Diverse in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Compared to Healthy Controls: Preliminary Results.

Background: Because of the important role in regulating the immune system, increasing evidence suggests a possible implication of gut microbiota in Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Although the oral cavity is the first site of contact between microbiota and the immune system, the association between salivary microbiota and CSU has not yet been reported.

Objective: This case-control study aimed to compare differences in salivary microbiota between CSU patients and healthy controls (HC).

Features of the Skin Microbiota in Common Inflammatory Skin Diseases.

Many relatively common chronic inflammatory skin diseases manifest on the face (seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, acne, perioral/periorificial dermatitis, periocular dermatitis, etc.), thereby significantly impairing patient appearance and quality of life. Given the yet unexplained pathogenesis and numerous factors involved, these diseases often present therapeutic challenges.

Setting up laboratory-based antimicrobial resistance surveillance in low- and middle-income countries: lessons learned from Georgia.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing problem worldwide, with an estimated high burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In these settings, tackling the problem of AMR is often constrained by a lack of reliable surveillance data due to limited use of microbiological diagnostics in clinical practice.

Objectives: The aim of this article is to present an overview of essential elements for setting up an AMR surveillance system in LMICs, to summarize the steps taken to develop such a system in the country of Georgia, and to describe its impact on microbiology laboratories.

Antibiotic Prescribing Habits and Antimicrobial Resistance Awareness of Dental Practitioners in Primorsko-Goranska County, Croatia.

The goal of this study was to investigate the differences in dentists' knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding antibiotic use and resistance among two areas of Primorsko-Goranska County (P-GC), Croatia. A cross-sectional study based on a structured questionnaire that was given to 230 dental practitioners in outpatient settings of P-GC in 2018. The overall response rate was 68.

Healthy Siblings of Children With Crohn's Disease Exhibit More Rapid Changes in Microbiota Composition as a Response to Exclusive Enteral Nutrition.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) on the microbiota composition of the newly diagnosed Crohn's disease (CD) patients and to determine the effect of EEN received for 2 days in siblings of patients with CD.

Methods: Newly diagnosed pediatric CD patients (n = 17) and unaffected healthy siblings (n = 10) participated in the study. In CD patients, stool samples were collected at 3 time points: prior to therapy introduction, the second day of EEN therapy, and the last day of EEN therapy.

Molecular Characterization of β-Lactam Resistance and Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Possible Therapeutic Options of AmpC-Producing Multidrug-Resistant in a University Hospital of Split, Croatia.

This study was performed to elucidate genetic relatedness and molecular resistance mechanisms of AmpC-producing multidrug-resistant isolates in University Hospital of Split (UHS), and define efficient antibiotics A total of 100 nonrepeated, consecutive, amoxicillin/clavulanate- and cefoxitin-resistant isolates were collected, mostly from urine (44%) and skin and soft-tissue samples (30%). They were all positive in cefoxitin Hodge test and negative for extended spectrum beta-lactamase production. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis identified four clusters and two singletons, with 79% of isolates in dominant cluster.

Meningitis caused by Campylobacter jejuni: a case presentation and literature review.

: is one of the most common causative agents of gastroenteritis; however meningitis is rarely described. Therefore, little is known about its epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcomes.: In this paper, we report a case of an adult patient with meningitis.

Altered Gut Microbiota Is Present in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background And Aims: Clinical and experimental data suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to determine intestinal microbiota in newly diagnosed patients with IBD and to compare it with patients' healthy siblings who share same genetic and environmental background and to healthy unrelated controls.

Methods: Molecular approach targeting 16S ribosomal RNA was employed for analyzing the gut microbiota of participants' stool samples.

Impact of antibiotic consumption on the carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by school children.

Background: Antibiotic consumption in the paediatric population is one of the key drivers of the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, which is a serious global threat to public health and clinical medicine. The aims of this study were to investigate systemic antibiotic consumption in school children and to assess the associations among antibiotic consumption, carriage rate and resistance of respiratory pathogens residing in the upper respiratory tract mucosa.

Methods: In this prospective study, throat and nasopharyngeal swabs from 450 school children, 6-15 years of age (225 healthy children and 225 patients who were ambulatory treated for upper respiratory tract infection), were processed in 2014 in Rijeka, Croatia, and clinical data were obtained via a questionnaire.

Parental Knowledge and Awareness Linked to Antibiotic Use and Resistance: Comparison of Urban and Rural Population in Croatia.

To investigate the differences in parental knowledge, attitudes, and practice about antibiotic use and resistance among the urban and rural populations in Croatia. A cross-sectional study based on a structured questionnaire was distributed to 1,000 parents of children attending 11 elementary schools of Primorsko-Goranska County in 2017. The overall response rate was 65.

First evidence of KPC-producing ST258 Klebsiella pneumoniae in river water.

This paper reports the first case of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-2-producing K. pneumoniae in river water in Croatia. In total, four KPC-2-producing K.

Antimicrobial effectiveness of polyhexamethylene biguanide on Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans.

Aim To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 0.2% polyhexamethilene biguanide (PHMB) in root canal models infected with Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis. PHMB was compared in these tests with 2.