J Math Biol
December 2024
One of the central results of evolutionary matrix games is that a state corresponding to an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is an asymptotically stable equilibrium point of the standard replicator dynamics. This relationship is crucial because it simplifies the analysis of dynamic phenomena through static inequalities. Recently, as an extension of classical evolutionary matrix games, matrix games under time constraints have been introduced (Garay et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFX-ray grating interferometry allows for the simultaneous acquisition of attenuation, differential-phase contrast, and dark-field images, resulting from X-ray attenuation, refraction, and small-angle scattering, respectively. The modulated phase grating (MPG) interferometer is a recently developed grating interferometry system capable of generating a directly resolvable interference pattern using a relatively large period grating envelope function that is sampled at a pitch that is small enough that X-ray spatial coherence can be achieved by using a microfocus X-ray source or G0 grating. We present the theory of the MPG interferometry system for a 2-dimensional staggered grating, derived using Fourier optics, and we compare the theoretical predictions with experiments we have performed with a microfocus X-ray system at Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe soil region influenced by plant roots, i.e., the rhizosphere, is one of the most complex biological habitats on Earth and significantly impacts global carbon flow and transformation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtreme solar energetic particle events, known as Miyake events, are rare phenomena observed by cosmogenic isotopes, with only six documented. The timing of the ca. 660 BCE Miyake event remains undefined until now.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA comprehensive understanding of carbon cycling pathways in the soil-plant system is needed to develop models that accurately predict global carbon reservoir responses to anthropogenic perturbations. Honey is a carbon-rich natural food produced by wild and managed pollinating insects all over the world; the composition of a single sample is a function of millions of pollinator-plant interactions. We studied the C/C and ΔC of 121 honey samples sourced from the United States, and found a significant older carbon contribution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study, conducted in Debrecen, Hungary, aimed to analyse atmospheric particulate matter (APM or PM) through radiocarbon and PIXE analyses during the winter smog (23-25 January) and spring (15-18 May) seasons. The information presented in this pilot study aims to provide insight into the importance of utilising detailed characteristics of the mass size distributions of fossil carbon (f) and contemporary carbon (f) content. Additionally, it seeks to compare these characteristics with the size distributions of various elements to enable even more accurate PM source identification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrees and shrubs maintain carbon reserves to support their functions during periods when metabolic demand exceeds carbon supply, such as during the dormant season. To gain a better understanding of carbon storage and utilisation dynamics of eight woody plant species in temperate Central Europe, bud scale and leaf samples were collected to determine the radiocarbon age of fresh sprouts in trees and shrubs, at three background sites avoiding local emissions that may influence affect the observed C/C ratio. The accelerator mass spectrometry-based bomb-radiocarbon approach, to determine the age of the mobilized carbon in the plant bud samples from storage, was complemented by stable carbon isotope measurements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Various surgical techniques have been devised for the surgical cosmetic enhancement of female outer genitalia. The selection of an optimal method should be based on satisfaction rates and safety; however, comprehensive, contemporary systematic assessment of these factors has been limited in the literature.
Objectives: Our aim was to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the overall satisfaction rates and risk factors associated with various labiaplasty techniques and tools.
Background: Classical matrix game models aim to find the endpoint of behavioural evolution for a set of fixed possible interaction outcomes. Here, we introduce an evolutionary model in which not only the players' strategies but also the payoff matrix evolves according to natural selection.
Results: We start out from the hawk-dove matrix game and, in a way that is consistent with the monomorphic model setup of Maynard Smith and Price, introduce an evolving phenotypic trait that quantifies fighting ability and determines the probability of winning and the cost of losing escalated hawk-hawk fights.
Bemutatásra kerülő esetünkben egy 47 éves, generalizált septicus állapotú férfi beteg komplex terápiás megoldást igénylő kezelését ismertetjük, negatív nyomásterápia segítségével (NPWT). A páciens kezeletlen diabéteszes láb szindróma talaján kialakult szepszis, fasciitis necrotisans klinikai-radiomorfológiai képével került osztályunkra, akinél sürgősséggel feltárást, az alsó végtag valamennyi kompartmentjét érintő fasciotomiát végeztünk, NPWT-kezelést indítottunk. Kezelése során a beteg állapotát súlyosbító szövődmények léptek fel: Curling-fekély, toxicus epidermalis necrolysis (TEN).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVariation in the methodology of in vitro transporter inhibition assays causes wide divergence in reported IC/K data. Notably, although potentiation of transporter inhibition by preincubation (PTIP) has been described, current guidelines do not specifically recommend inhibitor preincubation; they only encourage sponsors to follow emerging literature. To clarify how generally preincubation should be considered in transporter inhibition studies and whether PTIP can be solely explained by protein binding of the respective inhibitors, we performed in vitro inhibition assays on solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette transporters scarcely or not covered in prior research and examined the effect of extracellular protein in preincubation and washout experiments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAgricultural soils are a major reservoir of microplastics, and concerns have arisen about the impacts of microplastics on soil properties and functioning. Here, we measured the physical properties of a silt loam in response to the incorporation of polyester fibers and polypropylene granules over a wide range of concentrations. We further elucidated the underlying mechanisms by determining the role of microplastic shape and the baseline effects from the amendment of soil particles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe antiviral state, an initial line of defense against viral infection, is established by a set of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) encoding antiviral effector proteins. The effector ISGs are transcriptionally regulated by type I IFNs mainly via activation of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3). In this study, the regulatory elements of effector ISGs were characterized to determine the (epi)genetic features that enable their robust induction by type I IFNs in multiple cell types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBovine adenoviruses (BAdV) are known to cause respiratory and/or intestinal disease in calves. Infection can manifest as acute outbreaks, but more often only sporadic cases occur. Here we describe the PCR detection and partial sequence characterization of several BAdVs found in sick or dead calves on different farms in Western Hungary.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRipples arise at edges of petals of blooming Lilium casablanca flowers and at edges of torn plastic sheets. In both systems, ripples are a consequence of excess length along the edge of a sheet. Through the use of time-lapse videos of blooming lilies and published images of torn plastic sheets, we find that ripples in both systems are well described by the scaling relationship a∝w(L-w), where a is amplitude, w is wavelength, and L is arc length.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArt objects form an essential part of cultural heritage and are appreciated for their artistic values. However, the observed investment in art and capacity for high monetary returns encourages counterfeiting of art objects. The art market's lack of transparency and traditional confidential protocols amplifies the problem.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunctionalization of graphene oxide (GO) membranes is generally achieved using carboxyl groups as binding sites for ligands. Herein, by taking advantage of the ability of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) to undergo an epoxide ring-opening reaction, a new approach of GO modification was established, in which ILs were bonded to the abundant epoxides on GO without sacrificing the carboxyl groups. Computational methods confirmed this unique configuration of ILs on GO, which enabled the dispersion of IL/GO flakes in water for facile casting into laminate membranes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBoth granular activated carbon (GAC) and silver mordenite (AgM) are utilized for the removal of contaminants and radionuclides (e.g., radioiodine) from off-gas streams in nuclear fuel reprocessing and high temperature immobilization of nuclear waste.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this paper, we present the time-dependent elemental composition and AMS radiocarbon dating results of 36 rape, sunflower and forest honey samples, collected between 1985 and 2018 in geographically close locations. Based on the elemental information, we conclude that bee products regardless the type provide useful environmental information of the previous decades, such as the decreasing trend of airborne Pb emission can be traced. However, radiocarbon results agree less with the atmospheric bomb peak.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMuscle regeneration is the result of the concerted action of multiple cell types driven by the temporarily controlled phenotype switches of infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages. Pro-inflammatory macrophages transition into a phenotype that drives tissue repair through the production of effectors such as growth factors. This orchestrated sequence of regenerative inflammatory events, which we termed regeneration-promoting program (RPP), is essential for proper repair.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRare earth nickelates including LaNiO are promising catalysts for water electrolysis to produce oxygen gas. Recent studies report that Fe substitution for Ni can significantly enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of LaNiO. However, the role of Fe in increasing the activity remains ambiguous, with potential origins that are both structural and electronic in nature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Mycotic aortic pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication after heart transplantation (HTX) with remarkable mortality. Intrathoracic infection is a well-documented predisposing factor for this disease. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Candida species are commonly isolated from resected specimens of the pseudoaneurysms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOur study shows a one-year-long, monthly integrated continuous monitoring campaign of gaseous radiocarbon emission and ambient air compared with 4 event-like, weekly (168 h) atmospheric aerosol radiocarbon data in every season of 2019, at 4 locations (n = 16 aerosol sample) around the Paks Nuclear Power Plant, Hungary. The study shows the first aerosol radiocarbon results around a nuclear power plant measured by accelerator mass spectrometry in Hungary. There was no dominant contribution detected in the atmospheric CO gas fraction, but we could detect excess radiocarbon in the total gaseous carbon fraction at almost every sampling point around the Paks Nuclear Power Plant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The goal of this study was to compare factor concentrate (FC)-based and blood product-based hemostasis management of coagulopathy in cardiac surgical patients in terms of postoperative bleeding, required blood products, and outcome.
Design: Retrospective, propensity score-matched analysis.
Setting: Single, tertiary, academic medical center.
Since the establishment of highly active antiretroviral therapy, survival rates have improved among patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection giving them the possibility to become transplant candidates. Recent publications revealed that human immunodeficiency virus-positive heart transplant recipients' survival is similar to non-infected patients. We present the case of a 40-year-old human immunodeficiency virus infected patient, who was hospitalized due to severely decreased left ventricular function with a possible aetiology of acute myocarditis, that has later been confirmed by histological investigation of myocardial biopsy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF