Aging Impairs Cerebrovascular Reactivity at Preserved Resting Cerebral Arteriolar Tone and Vascular Density in the Laboratory Rat.

The age-related (mal)adaptive modifications of the cerebral microvascular system have been implicated in cognitive impairment and worse outcomes after ischemic stroke. The magnitude of the hyperemic response to spreading depolarization (SD), a recognized principle of ischemic lesion development has also been found to be reduced by aging. Here, we set out to investigate whether the SD-coupled reactivity of the pial arterioles is subject to aging, and whether concomitant vascular rarefaction may contribute to the age-related insufficiency of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response.

Age or ischemia uncouples the blood flow response, tissue acidosis, and direct current potential signature of spreading depolarization in the rat brain.

Spreading depolarization (SD) events contribute to lesion maturation in the acutely injured human brain. Neurodegeneration related to SD is thought to be caused by the insufficiency of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response; yet the mediators of the CBF response, or their deficiency in the aged or ischemic cerebral cortex, remain the target of intensive research. Here, we postulated that tissue pH effectively modulates the magnitude of hyperemia in response to SD, the coupling of which is prone to be dysfunctional in the aged or ischemic cerebral cortex.

Systemic administration of l-kynurenine sulfate induces cerebral hypoperfusion transients in adult C57Bl/6 mice.

The kynurenine pathway is a cascade of enzymatic steps generating biologically active compounds. l-kynurenine (l-KYN) is a central metabolite of tryptophan degradation. In the mammalian brain, l-KYN is partly converted to kynurenic acid (KYNA), which exerts multiple effects on neurotransmission.

Spreading depolarization remarkably exacerbates ischemia-induced tissue acidosis in the young and aged rat brain.

Spreading depolarizations (SDs) occur spontaneously in the cerebral cortex of subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke or traumatic brain injury patients. Accumulating evidence prove that SDs exacerbate focal ischemic injury by converting zones of the viable but non-functional ischemic penumbra to the core region beyond rescue. Yet the SD-related mechanisms to mediate neurodegeneration remain poorly understood.

Contribution of prostanoid signaling to the evolution of spreading depolarization and the associated cerebral blood flow response.

The significance of prostanoid signaling in neurovascular coupling during somatosensory stimulation is increasingly more appreciated, yet its involvement in mediating the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to spreading depolarization (SD) has remained inconclusive. Selective cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibitors (NS-398, SC-560) or an antagonist (L161,982) of the EP4 type prostaglandin E2 receptor were applied topically to a cranial window over the parietal cortex of isoflurane-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 60). Global forebrain ischemia was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries in half of the animals.

[Use of whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of and therapeutic response in multiple myeloma].

Introduction: Multiple myeloma is an incurable neoplastic disorder of B cells characterized by diffuse bone marrow infiltration, circumscribed bone lesions, and soft-tissue spreading. The role of novel functional imaging techniques in multiple myeloma includes initial staging of the disease, detection and characterization of complications, and evaluation of the response to treatment.

Aim: The authors present their 2 and a half-year experience with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in staging and follow up of patients with multiple myeloma.

[Pancreatic metastases. Report of four cases and literature review].

The authors present the history of 4 patients with pancreatic metastases revealed by CT and MR during the last 2 years. In 2 patients pancreatic metastases developed more than 10 years after the primary renal neoplasm was diagnosed. In the other two patients (one with non small cell lung cancer and one with non-Hodgkin disease) pancreatic metastases developed shortly after the diagnosis of the primary malignancy.

Hormonal and biochemical parameters correlated with bone densitometric markers in prepubertal Hungarian children.

Background: The conditions that define bone development in prepuberty profoundly influence bone health later in life. We aimed to reveal important determinants of bone mass in Tanner stage I.

Methods: We studied 84 healthy children (43 girls and 41 boys) aged 7 to 11 years.

[Diffusion-weighted MR imaging; the significance of ADC and perfusion values in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and mass forming pancreatitis].

Unlabelled: Despite the increasing diagnostic accuracy of cross sectional imaging modalities, the correct differentiation between pancreatic adenocarcinoma and mass forming pancreatitis has remained a challenge.

Aim: Based on their 2 and ½ -year experience, the aim of the authors was to assess the clinical utility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and discernment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and mass forming pancreatitis.

Methods: 3 b-values diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance examinations were performed in 19 patients suffering from adenocarcinoma and in 8 patients with pancreatitis.

[Investigation of adolescents' bone metabolism in the western part of Transdanubia].

Unlabelled: Childhood reference range based on the age is not available in Hungary, therefore the diagnosis and therapy of bone metabolic diseases of childhood are subject to difficulties. The aim of this work is to provide information about the adolescents' results of bone mineral density and bone biomarkers.

Subjects And Methods: Measurements were performed in 169 healthy adolescents (98 girls, 71 boys, age: 17.

[The importance of multidetector computed tomography in the vascular imaging].

Unlabelled: The introduction of multidetector CT and special post processing software has made an excellent image quality of vascular structures possible.

Aim And Methods: The authors present the method and technique of CT angiography, added their own experience acquired on 700 patients in the last 3 years. Beside other vascular imaging methods the importance of CT angiography and its usefulness is demonstrated.

[A rare localisation of ectopic pregnancy--a case of hepatic pregnancy].

Ectopic pregnancy is a major gynecologic emergency, and remains a life-threatening syndrome. Hepatic pregnancy is an exceptionally rare form of ectopic pregnancy. The authors present a case of a 28 year old woman, who was admitted to hospital with epigastric pain.

[The role of computed tomography perfusion in the diagnosis of brain ischaemic stroke].

Unlabelled: In recent years, the broad introduction of fast multidetector computed tomography (CT) systems and the availability of commercial software for perfusion analysis have made cerebral perfusion imaging with CT a practical technique for the clinical environment.

Aim And Methods: This article reviews the use of CT for imaging cerebral perfusion, highlighting its advantages, disadvantages and limitations, and draws comparisons between perfusion CT and magnetic resonance imaging. The authors performed 96 perfusion CT examinations in the last one and a half years.