Microbial landscapes in Trinervitermes trinervoides termite colonies are affected by mound compartments and soil properties but not by symbiotic Podaxis fungi.

Termites are important ecosystem engineers and play key roles in modulating microbial communities within and outside their mounds. Microbial diversity within termite mounds is generally lower than surrounding soils, due to termite-associated antimicrobial compounds and active sanitary behaviours. Microbial symbionts of termites can also influence the microbial landscape, by inhibiting or out-competing other microbes.

Antifungal Activity of Glucosinolate-Derived Nitriles and Their Synergistic Activity with Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates Distinguishes Various Taxa of Brassicaceae Endophytes and Soil Fungi.

The glucosinolates of Brassicaceae plants are converted into bioactive isothiocyanates and other volatiles during a challenge by pathogens and other biotic stressors. However, the role of alternative downstream products with weaker potency (e.g.

Quality-controlled LC-ESI-MS food metabolomics of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) sprouts: Insights into changes in primary and specialized metabolites.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an important food and spice with bioactive compounds against diabetes. In this study, fenugreek seeds germinating in darkness for 72 h were studied using quantification of trigonelline and 4-hydroxyisoleucine and an LC-ESI-MS/MS-based metabolomic approach capable of accurately estimating 237 features from various primary and specialized compound classes.

Correlations Between the Metabolome and the Endophytic Fungal Metagenome Suggests Importance of Various Metabolite Classes in Community Assembly in Horseradish (, Brassicaceae) Roots.

The plant microbiome is an increasingly intensive research area, with significance in agriculture, general plant health, and production of bioactive natural products. Correlations between the fungal endophytic communities and plant chemistry can provide insight into these interactions, and suggest key contributors on both the chemical and fungal side. In this study, roots of various horseradish () accessions grown under the same conditions were sampled in two consecutive years and chemically characterized using a quality controlled, untargeted metabolomics approach by LC-ESI-MS/MS.

Interactions of fungi with non-isothiocyanate products of the plant glucosinolate pathway: A review on product formation, antifungal activity, mode of action and biotransformation.

The glucosinolate pathway, which is present in the order Brassicales, is one of the most researched defensive natural product biosynthesis pathways. Its core molecules, the glucosinolates are broken down upon pathogen challenge or tissue damage to yield an array of natural products that may help plants defend against the stressor. Though the most widely known glucosinolate decomposition products are the antimicrobial isothiocyanates, there is a wide range of other volatile and non-volatile natural products that arise from this biosynthetic pathway.

Effects of Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates on Fungi: A Comprehensive Review on Direct Effects, Mechanisms, Structure-Activity Relationship Data and Possible Agricultural Applications.

Plants heavily rely on chemical defense systems against a variety of stressors. The glucosinolates in the and some allies are the core molecules of one of the most researched such pathways. These natural products are enzymatically converted into isothiocyanates (ITCs) and occasionally other defensive volatile organic constituents (VOCs) upon fungal challenge or tissue disruption to protect the host against the stressor.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of Endophytic Fungi Growing on Extracts of the Host, Horseradish ().

The interaction between plant defensive metabolites and different plant-associated fungal species is of high interest to many disciplines. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are natural products that are easily evaporated under ambient conditions. They play a very important role in inter-species communication of microbes and their hosts.

A Simple Method for On-Gel Detection of Myrosinase Activity.

Myrosinase is an enzyme present in many functional foods and spices, particularly in Cruciferous vegetables. It hydrolyses glucosinolates which thereafter rearrange into bioactive volatile constituents (isothiocyanates, nitriles). We aimed to develop a simple reversible method for on-gel detection of myrosinase.

Endophytic fungi from the roots of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) and their interactions with the defensive metabolites of the glucosinolate - myrosinase - isothiocyanate system.

Background: The health of plants is heavily influenced by the intensively researched plant microbiome. The microbiome has to cope with the plant's defensive secondary metabolites to survive and develop, but studies that describe this interaction are rare. In the current study, we describe interactions of endophytic fungi with a widely researched chemical defense system, the glucosinolate - myrosinase - isothiocyanate system.