Blood-to-saliva glucose time lag in sedated healthy dogs.

The management of diabetes mellitus mandates measurement of blood glucose. Saliva offers an alternative to blood sampling, but measurement of the salivary glucose concentration is difficult, and the blood-to-saliva glucose time lag is uncertain. We aimed to determine the serum-saliva glucose time lag in the saliva of healthy dogs.

Repeatability and accuracy of fingertip pulse oximeters for measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in arterial blood and pulse rate in anesthetized dogs breathing 100% oxygen.

Objective: To evaluate the repeatability and accuracy of fingertip pulse oximeters (FPO) for measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in arterial blood and pulse rate (PR) in anesthetized dogs breathing 100% O.

Animals: 29 healthy client-owned anesthetized dogs undergoing various surgical procedures.

Procedures: In randomized order, each of 7 FPOs or a reference pulse oximeter (PO) was applied to the tongue of each intubated anesthetized dog breathing 100% O.

Quantification of reservoir bags as airway pressure-limiting devices in a nonrebreathing system.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of reservoir bag types, volumes and previous use on the peak pressures (Pmax) and the times to develop 30 cmHO pressure (P30) within a nonrebreathing system with a closed adjustable pressure-limiting (APL) valve.

Study Design: In vitro study using three-way factorial design with repeated measure on one factor.

Subjects: A total of 75 new anesthesia reservoir bags (five types, three volumes, five bags from each type × volume).

The effect of midazolam or lidocaine administration prior to etomidate induction of anesthesia on heart rate, arterial pressure, intraocular pressure and serum cortisol concentration in healthy dogs.

Objective: To evaluate selected effects of midazolam or lidocaine administered prior to etomidate for co-induction of anesthesia in healthy dogs.

Study Design: Prospective crossover experimental study.

Animals: A group of 12 healthy adult female Beagle dogs.

Influence of catecholamines at different dosages on the function of the LiDCO sensor in isoflurane anesthetized horses.

Objective: To compare the lithium dilution method for cardiac output (LiDCO) and bolus-thermo-dilution (BTD) measurements before and during infusion of dobutamine, dopamine, phenylephrine, or noradrenaline at 2 different doses in anesthetized horses and to examine the correlation between sensor voltages (saline-blood exposed) and possible measurement errors.

Design: Prospective experimental study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Impact of four different recumbencies on the distribution of ventilation in conscious or anaesthetized spontaneously breathing beagle dogs: An electrical impedance tomography study.

The aim was to examine the effects of recumbency and anaesthesia on distribution of ventilation in beagle dogs using Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). Nine healthy beagle dogs, aging 3.7±1.

Assessment of distribution of ventilation and regional lung compliance by electrical impedance tomography in anaesthetized horses undergoing alveolar recruitment manoeuvres.

Objective: To examine changes in the distribution of ventilation and regional lung compliances in anaesthetized horses during the alveolar recruitment manoeuvre (ARM).

Study Design: Experimental study in which a series of treatments were administered in a fixed order on one occasion.

Animals: Five adult Warmblood horses.

Influence of xylazine on the function of the LiDCO sensor in isoflurane anaesthetized horses.

Objective: Previous studies showed an influence of xylazine on the LiDCO sensor in vitro and in standing horses, but did not prove that this interaction caused error in LiDCO measurements. Therefore, agreement of cardiac output (CO) measurements by LiDCO and bolus-thermodilution (BTD) was determined in horses receiving xylazine infusions.

Study Design: Prospective, experimental study.

Variety of non-invasive continuous monitoring methodologies including electrical impedance tomography provides novel insights into the physiology of lung collapse and recruitment – case report of an anaesthetized horse.

Introduction: The use of alveolar recruitment maneuvers during general anaesthesia of horses is a potentially useful therapeutic option for the ventilatory management. While the routine application of recruitments would benefit from the availability of dedicated large animal ventilators their impact on ventilation and perfusion in the horse is not yet well documented nor completely understood.

Case History: A healthy 533 kg experimental horse underwent general anaesthesia in lateral recumbency.

Comparison of an infrared anaesthetic agent analyser (Datex-Ohmeda) with refractometry for measurement of isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane concentrations.

Objective: To assess agreement between infrared (IR) analysers and a refractometer for measurements of isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane concentrations and to demonstrate the effect of customized calibration of IR analysers.

Study Design: In vitro experiment.

Subjects: Six IR anaesthetic monitors (Datex-Ohmeda) and a single portable refractometer (Riken).

Vitamin D is a regulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and arterial stiffness in mice.

The vitamin D hormone 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is essential for the preservation of serum calcium and phosphate levels but may also be important for the regulation of cardiovascular function. Epidemiological data in humans have shown that vitamin D insufficiency is associated with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, increased arterial stiffness, and endothelial dysfunction in normal subjects and in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these associations remain largely unexplained.

A novel flow partition device for spirometry during large animal anaesthesia.

Objective: We describe and test a novel device for large animal anaesthesia monitoring that uses standard human medicine spirometry sensors.

Study Design: In-vitro study.

Methods: The device consists of two adapters that enable the flow to be split evenly into four tubes in parallel, each tube containing a D-lite sensor.

Effect of dexmedetomidine vs. acepromazine-methadone premedication on limb to lung circulation time in dogs.

The study compared limb-to-lung circulation times (CT) in dogs under general anaesthesia after premedication with dexmedetomidine (DEX) or acepromazine-methadone (ACE-M). Healthy male and female dogs (n=20) were randomly assigned to receive acepromazine 0.04mg/kg and methadone 0.

Measurement of tidal volume using respiratory ultrasonic plethysmography in anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated horses.

Objective: To compare tidal volume estimations obtained from Respiratory Ultrasonic Plethysmography (RUP) with simultaneous spirometric measurements in anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated horses.

Study Design: Prospective randomized experimental study.

Animals: Five experimental horses.

Influence of fentanyl on intra-abdominal pressure during laparoscopy in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of fentanyl on intra-abdominal pressures in spontaneously breathing dogs during capnoperitoneum.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Animals: Eleven healthy client-owned and five healthy experimental dogs undergoing laparoscopy.

Effect of alfaxalone infusion on the electroencephalogram of dogs anaesthetized with halothane.

Objective: To describe the effects of alfaxalone on the canine electroencephalogram (EEG).

Study Design: Experimental study.

Animals: Eight healthy adult Huntaway dogs.

Comparison of use of an infrared anesthetic gas monitor and refractometry for measurement of anesthetic agent concentrations.

Objective: To assess agreement between anesthetic agent concentrations measured by use of an infrared anesthetic gas monitor (IAGM) and refractometry. SAMPLE-4 IAGMs of the same type and 1 refractometer.

Procedures: Mixtures of oxygen and isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, or N(2)O were used.

Continuous versus intermittent thermodilution for cardiac output measurement during alveolar recruitment manoeuvres in sheep.

Objective: To evaluate interchangeability of a thermodilution based STAT mode continuous cardiac output (CCO) measurement method with bolus thermodilution (BTD).

Study Design: Randomized crossover study.

Animals: Ten 9 month old healthy male sheep.

Accuracy of isoflurane, halothane, and sevoflurane vaporizers during high oxygen flow and at maximum vaporizer dial setting.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of isoflurane, halothane, and sevoflurane vaporizers during high oxygen flow and at maximum dial settings at room temperature and to test sevoflurane vaporizers similarly during heating and at low-fill states.

Sample: 5 isoflurane, 5 halothane, and 5 sevoflurane vaporizers.

Procedures: Vaporizers were tested at an oxygen flow of 10 L/min and maximum dial settings for 15 minutes under various conditions.

Evaluation of isoflurane and sevoflurane vaporizers over a wide range of oxygen flow rates.

Objective: To examine the accuracy and precision of isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthetic vaporizers.

Sample Population: 5 identical isoflurane and 5 identical sevoflurane vaporizers.

Procedures: Oxygen flow rates from 0.

Influence of medetomidine on stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic effects caused by butorphanol, fentanyl, and ketamine administration in dogs.

Objective: To examine stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic effects of butorphanol, fentanyl, and ketamine administration alone and in combination with medetomidine in dogs.

Animals: 10 Beagles.

Procedure: 5 dogs received either butorphanol (0.