[Neoadjuvant (preoperative) chemoradiotherapy of advanced rectal tumors].

Introduction: There have been significant changes in the treatment protocol for rectal tumors in recent decades, greatly reducing the rate of local recurrence and distant metastasis, thereby increasing overall survival. Method: We performed a retrospective processing and statistical analysis of the data of 362 patients with rectal cancer who underwent local neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and then underwent surgical treatment between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2017 at the Institute of Surgery of the University of Debrecen. We compared the response rate and overall survival results of our patients with local neoadjuvant treatment to the outcomes of total neoadjuvant treatment reported by the recent large international studies.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody testing by indirect immunofluorescence: Computer-aided versus conventional microscopic evaluation of routine diagnostic samples from patients with vasculitis or other inflammatory diseases.

Background: Detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) by indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) is of diagnostic importance in vasculitides and some other inflammatory diseases. Automation of IFA may be beneficial in high-throughput clinical laboratories. An analytical appraisal of the EUROPattern (EPa) automated microscope and image analysis system has not been reported in a routine clinical laboratory setting testing samples from both vasculitis and non-vasculitis patients.

Identification of Novel Pathogenic Sequence Variants of the Mismatch Repair Genes During Screening for Lynch Syndrome in a Single Centre of Eastern Hungary.

Introduction: Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder, most frequent leading to colon cancer. Identification of patients with Lynch syndrome and screening of their family members are available prevention approach that can significantly decrease mortality. Unfortunately, routine screening still does not belong to standard of care in Hungary.

[Significance of the monitoring and screening for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma syndrome patients by presenting a case of a family tree].

Introduction: Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant disease, which shows familial clustering.

Aim: We would like to emphasize the importance of monitoring the HNPCC syndrome patients by presenting a case of a proven MMR gene mutation carrier and her family tree encompassing 10 years.

Materials And Method: To screen a suspected HNPCC Hungarian family member we are taking thorough family histories.

Q48P mutation in the hMLH1 gene associated with Lynch syndrome in three Hungarian families.

Lynch syndrome (Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, HNPCC) is an inherited disease with variable phenotype causing the development of colon cancer and other malignancies. The basis of the disease is believed to be the mismatch repair gene mutations. Genetic screening has been performed among the patients who have undergone surgery for colon cancer at the University of Debrecen, Department of Surgery.

Detection of internal tandem duplications in the FLT3 gene by different electrophoretic methods.

Background: In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the internal tandem duplication (ITD) in the juxtamembrane domain of the FLT3 (Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3) gene is one of the most frequent genetic alterations associated with poor prognosis.

Methods: A complex evaluation of the analytical properties of the three most frequently used detection methods--PCR followed by agarose (AGE), polyacrylamide (PAGE) or capillary electrophoresis (CE)--was performed on 95 DNA samples obtained from 73 AML patients.

Results: All the three methods verified the presence of a mutant allele in 20 samples from 18 patients.

[Ki-67 -- new faces of an old player].

The Ki-67 protein was isolated twenty-five years ago and has become the first histological marker of proliferating cells until now. This molecule with a unique structure possesses such fundamental biological functions that are essential for normal cell proliferation. Since the Ki-67 protein is present in every dividing cell (G1, S, G2/M phase) but is absent from the resting cells (G0 phase) it is very much suitable for identifying the proliferating fraction of cells.

Detection of mutations in the cDNA of the proliferation marker Ki-67 protein in four tumor cell lines.

The Ki-67 protein has an essential role in cell proliferation. It is present in all dividing cells of normal and tumor tissues, but absent in resting cells. At present, no data are available about any alterations in the gene of this protein that could contribute to its altered structure and function, resulting in tumor development.